Fig. 4-1a, p. 50

Fig. 4-2, p. 51

Fig. 4-3, p. 52 DNA cytoplasm plasma membrane a Bacterial cell (prokaryotic)

Fig. 4-3, p. 52 DNA in nucleus cytoplasm plasma membrane b Plant cell (eukaryotic)

Fig. 4-3, p. 52 DNA in nucleus cytoplasm plasma membrane c Animal cell (eukaryotic)

Fig. 4-4, p. 53

one layer of lipids one layer of lipids membrane protein extracellular environment cytoplasm

Fig. 4-5, p. 53

Fig. 4-6, p. 54

Fig. 4-9, p. 57 A calcium pump moves calcium ions across the membrane; requires ATP energy. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID phospholipid LIPID BILAYER CYTOPLASM protein filaments of the cytoskeleton B cell receptor. It binds to bacteria, other foreign agents. Recognition protein that identifies a cell as belonging to one’s own body. A glucose transporter allows glucose to cross the membrane through a channel in its interior. An ATP synthase, which makes ATP when H+ crosses a membrane through its interior.

Fig. 4-11, p. 58 bacterial flagellum pilus plasma membrane DNA in nucleoid cytoplasm, with ribosomes Most prokaryotic cells have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane, and many have a thick, jellylike capsule around the wall. cell wall capsule

Fig. 4-14, p. 60 mitochondria plasma membrane nucleus

Fig. 4-14, p. 60 nucleus cell wall plasma membrane central vacuole chloroplast

Table 4-2, p. 60

Table 4-3, p. 60

Fig. 4-15, p. 61 cytoplasm nuclear envelope chromatin nucleolus

Fig. 4-15, p. 61 nuclear envelope’s outer lipid bilayer merging with an ER membrane nucleus chromatin pore across the nuclear envelope nucleoplasm nucleolus

Fig. 4-15, p. 61 cytoplasm nuclear pore nuclear envelope (two lipid bilayers)

Fig. 4-16, p. 62 the cell nucleus chromatin nucleolusnuclear envelope (two lipid bilayers) pore cytoplasm ribosomevesicle rough ER

Fig. 4-16, p. 62 smooth ER channel, cross-section plasma membrane Golgi bodysmooth ER budding vesicle

Fig. 4-17, p. 63 inner membrane outer membrane outer compartment inner compartment

Fig. 4-18, p. 63 thylakoids (inner membrane system folded into flattened disks) two outer membranes stroma

CENTRAL VACUOLE LYSOSOME- LIKE VESICLE GOLGI BODY SMOOTH ER ROUGH ER RIBOSOMES NUCLEUS CHLOROPLAST CYTOSKELETON MITOCHONDRION PLASMODESMA PLASMA MEMBRANE CELL WALL Fig. 4-19, p.65 nuclear envelope nucleolus DNA in nucleoplasm microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments (not shown) a Typical plant cell components.

CYTOSKELETON MITOCHONDRION CENTRIOLES LYSOSOME GOLGI BODY SMOOTH ER ROUGH ER RIBOSOMES NUCLEUS PLASMA MEMBRANE microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments nuclear envelope nucleolus DNA in nucleoplasm b Typical animal cell components. Fig. 4-19, p. 64

Fig. 4-24, p. 68 tubulin subunit 25 nm

Fig. 4-24, p. 68 actin subunit 5–7 nm

Fig. 4-24, p. 68 8–12 nm one polypeptide chain

Fig. 4-25, p. 68

Fig. 4-26, p. 69

Fig. 4-27, p. 69 dynein arms protein spokes plasma membrane pair of microtubules in a central sheath pair of microtubules dynein arms basal body