Garden Botany

Definitions Botany is the science or study of plants Horticulture is the science and art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, grass, and ornamental plants in an orchard, garden, nursery or greenhouse. From the Latin: Hortus (garden) and cultus (tilling)

Classifying Plants Classification by: 1.Use 2.Temperate Requirement 3.Ecological Adaptation 4.Taxonomy 5.Stem and leaf structure 6.Life Cycle

Classification by Use EDIBLE – Fruits Tree fruits Small fruits – Vegetable Warm season Cool season – Herbs Culinary Medicinal – Nuts ORNAMENTAL/LANDSCAPE – Woody Plants Trees Shrubs Vines and ground covers – Herbaceous Plants Flowers Vines and ground covers – Grass

Classification by Temperate Requirement Tropical plants vs. Temperate-zone plants Warm vs. Cool season plants Tender vs. Hardy plants Long day vs. Short day plants Cold hardiness zone plants

Classification by Ecological Adaptation Alpine Prairie Ponderosa pine forest Pinyon/Juniper forest Riparian Xeric (dry)

Classification by Taxonomy Plant Kingdom divided into two groups: – Non-vascular plants – Vascular plants Nearly all plants in the garden are vascular

Classification by Taxonomy Gymnosperms – Do not have true flowers – Seeds are enclosed in fruits – Most seeds are produced in cones

Classification by Taxonomy Angiosperms – Produce flowers – Develop fruits that contain seeds – Can be divided into monocots and dicots

Classification by Taxonomy

Plant Evolution

Classification by Stem and Leaf Texture Herbaceous plants Woody plants Deciduous plants Evergreen plants Broadleaf Narrowleaf Grass-like Bee Balm, Herbaceous/non-woody stems Butterfly Bush, Woody stems Deciduous plants shed their leaves every year Evergreen plants hold their leaves year-round Corn is a good example of broadleaf Narrow leaf lavendar

Classification by Life Cycle Annuals Biennials Perennials

PLANT PARTS Roots Stems Leaves Fruits Flowers Seeds

Roots Absorb water and nutrients from soil Anchor the plant Provide support for stem Store sugars and starches (needed for photosynthesis) Source of winter survival for perennials Fibrous roots vs. Tap roots

Stems Connects roots to leaves Supports buds and leaves Phloem and xylem serve as channels in the stem for carrying water, minerals, and sugars to other plant parts. Xylem brings water up the stem, and Phloem sends water down. Stems grow above or below the ground.

Leaves Absorb sunlight energy to make food through the process of photosynthesis Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen Store energy Control water through transpiration Simple or compound Photosynthesis water + CO 2 sugar + O 2

Flowers Showiest part of plants; fragrant and/or colorful to attract pollinators Important for sexual reproduction Self pollinating or cross pollinating

Fruit Part of the plant that surrounds one or more seeds Spread seeds Attracts animals to help spread seeds

Seeds Contain the information needed for a new plant to grow Embryo Endosperm Seed coat