Advantages & Disadvantages in the Civil War Adapted from: Kyle Woodward Old KY Home Middle School Bardstown, KY

2 The Civil War Who was involved? #1 The Confederate States of America

3 The Civil War Who was involved? #2 The Union (Free States & Territories)

4 The Civil War Who was involved? #3 The Border States

5 The Civil War Why were the Border States so important? surrounded Washington D.C., provided trade routes / ports (Ohio River, Baltimore) and the largest arsenal in St. Louis Why were the Border States so unusual? Slave states that stayed with the Union “I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -- Abraham Lincoln

6 Advantages and Disadvantages: North Population: 22 million 4 million men of combat age South Population: 9 million 1.2 million men of fighting age 3.5 million slaves North has the advantage in population

7 Advantages and Disadvantages: North Economy: 100,000 Factories >70% of Railroad lines 80% of bank deposits South Economy: 20,000 factories < 30% of Railroad lines 20% of bank deposits North has the advantage in industrial power

8 Advantages and Disadvantages: North Government - Strong well- established government South Government - Weak government, power given to states, little power to collect taxes North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people & products) towards the war

9 Thinking Question: (Don’t write! Just think!) Are governments ever justified in targeting civilians (non-soldiers) in wartime?

10 Advantages and Disadvantages: North Armed Forces: mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers More soldiers African Americans - 10% of Union forces Strong navy South Armed Forces: better trained soldiers & better leadership No real navy North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality of soldiers & generals

11 Advantages and Disadvantages: North Motivation: Preserve the union Later - free the slaves South Motivation: Preserve way of life Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.

12 Goals: North Anaconda Plan 1. Blockade the South 2. Divide - Split the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River 3. Conquer - remaining parts South 1. Defend existing territory 2. Gain recognition of Confederacy as independent nation Whose goals would be easier to reach?

13 Leaders: Abraham Lincoln: “A House divided against itself cannot stand” -- A. Lincoln Little political experience (served 1 term in the House of Representatives) Strong reputation for honesty, temperance, jokes and storytelling

14 Leaders: Jefferson Davis: “All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davis West Point graduate, Colonel in Mexican- American war, Secretary of war, & Senator from Miss. Who has the advantage in leadership? Not a popular president, especially with big fans of state’s rights

15 Northern Commanders George McClellan Henry Wager Halleck Winfield Scott Ulysses S. Grant “When in doubt, fight” -U.S. Grant

16 Southern Commander Robert E. Lee “It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee Who has the advantage in Commanders? Offered command of Union armies prior to war. Only man to command the Confederate Army.

17 Thinking Questions: (Don’t write: Just think!) Is it more important to have strong generals or strong civilian leadership in a war?

18 So how did it begin? Fort Sumter: Where? Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.

19 So how did it begin? Fort Sumter: Why? When Lincoln enters office, fort is running out of food What? Lincoln can either defend the fort and risk war or abandon it and look weak in the eyes of the South

20 So how did it begin? Fort Sumter: So... Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food, giving the governor of S.C. plenty of warning S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks for Northern volunteers This attack on the Union probably helps him keep many of the border states