ICEBREAKER ~ TAKE OUT YOUR PAPER III ESSAY Answer the following questions in your notebook: 1) What was purpose of the 3/5 Compromise? 2) Describe the significance of bleeding Kansas. 3) What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 establish? 4) What was the Compromise of 1850? 3/26 & 3/27 NOW THAT WE ALL KNOW THE PAPER III (HOTA) IS DIFFICULT IT IS TIME TO WORK!

1859 – Harper’s Ferry & John Brown John Brown and a group of abolitionists organized a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, a federal arsenal. Brown hoped that slaves would come to the arsenal and he would then lead a massive slave uprising. Brown was unsuccessful and captured. He was found guilty of murder and treason and sentenced to death. Many northerners saw Brown as a hero. Southerners felt that the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along with it. Effect: Convinced many southerners that war was inevitable.

1860 – Lincoln elected President The Southerners’ reaction to the election of President Lincoln was strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the White House. The South felt that secession was the only option. The South felt they had the right to secede. The Declaration of Independence stated that “it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish” a government that denies the rights of its citizens. Lincoln, they believed, would deny them the right to own slaves. Effect: In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. By February of 1861, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi had seceded.

1861 – Fort Sumter After Lincoln took the oath of office in 1861, he announced that no state can lawfully leave the Union. He declared, however, there would be no war unless the South started it. The South started to take possession of all Federal buildings — forts and post offices. The South took control of the three forts in Florida and was ready to take control of Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In April, 1861, the Confederates asked for the fort’s surrender. Major Robert Anderson of the Union refused to surrender. The Confederate troops proceeded to shell Fort Sumter. Anderson ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. Effect: America’s brutal, but inevitable, Civil War had begun.

Fort Sumter – Charleston, SC

CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES NORTH ADVANTAGES Larger population More industry More resources Better banking system More railroad mileage Better leader (Abraham Lincoln) More ships Better balance between farming and industry Functioning Government DISADVANTAGES Faced hostile people Southern territory unfamiliar

CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES SOUTH ADVANTAGES Strong popular support Familiar territory Superior military training facilities DISADVANTAGES Smaller population Few factories Less food production Fewer railroad miles Fewer ships Jefferson Davis Belief in states’ rights

CIVIL WAR PROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH SOUTH Enlistments declined Draft law drew names of men to serve for 3 years could hire a substitute Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes Blockade caused imported goods to disappear Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart Clothing wore out and could not be replaced NORTH “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the Confederacy Enlistments declined Bounties offered – failed Draft law drew names of men Could buy out of it for $300 Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863

CIVIL WAR STRATEGIE NORTH The Anaconda Plan 1.Blockade the South 2.Split the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River 3.Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital

CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES SOUTH WIN RECOGNITION AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION 1.Capture Washington, D.C. 2.Seize central Pennsylvania 3.Defend homeland until North tired of fighting 4.Get Britain to pressure North to end blockade to restore cotton supplies

The Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862

Robert E. Lee (CSA)George B. McClellan (USA) The Two Commanders

General Robert E. Lee’s reasons for invading Maryland To gather supplies and troops from the slave-holding border state of Maryland. To give the farmers in Virginia time to bring in their crops for the winter. To get military or political support from France and Great Britain. To damage Northern morale before the November elections. To bring the war north and threaten Washington, DC and other Northern cities. Defeat the Union army once and for all.

Results of the Battle The Battle of Antietam ended Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia’s first invasion into the North The Confederate Army Retreats Back to Virginia

Results of the Battle The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day battle in American History. 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing in a twelve- hour period. Dead soldiers in front of Dunker Church.

Results of the Battle This battle also resulted in President Lincoln issuing the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

CIVIL WAR EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION January 1, Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war - Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states - Gave the North a new reason to continue the war - Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

The Battle of Gettysburg The Turning Point of the War

The Plan Lee (C.S.A.) attempts another invasion of the North Lee hopes to capture another northern city which could convince the North to seek peace Lee desperately needs supplies; stops at the town of Gettysburg, PA

The Union- North General George Meade newly appointed 90,000 troops

The Confederacy- The South General Robert E. Lee 75,000 troops General Pickett General Longstreet

Lee’s plan 1. Weaken the flanks (sides)- Day 1 and 2 2. Attack the center of the Union line on Day 3!

The Troops Union: Occupies the High Ground “Cemetery Ridge” The C.S.A.- wants to occupy the high ground Pickett’s Charge July 2 July 3rd

Pickett’s Charge On the 3rd day of battle, Lee orders an all-out attack on the center of the Union line. George Pickett leads 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge across the low ground separating the two forces “High Tide of the Confederacy” Northern-most point reached by Confederate army Closest and last chance for Confederacy to win the War

“General Lee, I have no division now.” …….words spoken by General Pickett after the Battle of Gettysburg As the division marched towards the ridge, half were killed by cannon fire, cannister or bullets from the dug- in Union troops Of the men that reached the ridge, most were killed or captured Union victory

The Aftermath Casualties Union = 23,000 Confederacy = 28,000

Gettysburg Address Given by Lincoln Lincoln's Gettysburg Address became a rallying cry that easily ushered Lincoln into his second term in office and reinforced Union resolve to win the war.

Exit Card List 2 Advantages of the North List 2 Disadvantages of the North List 2 Advantages of the South List 2 Disadvantages of the South Explain the significance of the Battle of Antietam & Gettysburg