By Rose Culliney

 Auroras typically appear in the Ionosphere  They usually appear as a glow or as curtains  The Latin words Aurora borealis are roughly translated as ‘northern lights’.  The colors of auroras are red, blue, violet, and green  Green is the dominant color  The aurora borealis is also known as the northern lights.  The northern lights are most active in the few hours before and after midnight.

 ‘Aurora’ is the name given to the roman goddess of dawn.  The aurora borealis is not effected by changes in the temperature of the Earth.  The aurora does not effect airplanes as they fly at altitudes well below the lights.

 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have been observed to have auroras. They have also have been observed on Venus and Mars.  Jupiter’s moons, especially Io, also have auroras.

 Aurora borealis means dawn of the north.  Most of them appear only in the far north.  They are most often seen in the auroral zone, an imaginary oval on top of the globe.  The farther south you are from the auroral zone, the less likely you are to see them.  Even though you usually see them far up north, if the conditions are just right you can see them farther south.

 On very rare occasions, people in Mexico can see them.  The southern lights are called Aurora australis.  Together the northern and southern lights are called the polar auroras.  The lower edges of the lights are 60 miles above the earth, they are 10 times higher than most planes fly.

 In Lapland, which is a region of northern Europe, the lights are called guovsahas, which means ‘light that can be heard’.  Some say the noise gets louder as the lights move.

 Three things are needed for the northern lights: 1.) moving, charged particles 2.) a magnetic field 3.) an atmosphere.  The surface of the sun is extremely hot, the fiery corona that surrounds it is even hotter. The atoms break apart and the particles fly everywhere. It is called solar wind. When those particles reach the earth’s atmosphere, the northern lights form.

 The center of the auroral oval is Greenland.  When facing the earth, solar flares make the auroras shine even brighter.

 During northern light shows, power and communication signals can fail.  Earth’s magnetic field changes when the light appears, so compasses can be unreliable.  They produce electrical currents that can corrode oil and natural gas lines.  Even satellites circling above earth can be affected.

 In 1989, the sunspot cycle was at its peak; it caused auroras to be very bright and caused a blackout in Quebec, Canada. At 2:45 am streetlights went out, and radios and televisions stopped working.  Just a few months after the blackout, a gas pipeline exploded near the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Two passenger trains were set ablaze; more than a thousand people were rescued, but five hundred people died.

 Early dragon legends from China and Europe are thought to have originated from the auroras, as the people that lived there could imagine fiery breath across the sky.  Auroras rarely appeared as far south as France and Italy, so when they were seen by the people, fear was struck into them and they thought that the auroras were a warning of illness, plague, and death.

 The fearful and superstitious people of Middle- Age Europe thought they were being warned of being on the brink of war when the aurora shone red.  One less fearful belief was that the lights were the breath of warriors that gave their lives, and that it was a kind of a reward, to be able to battle in the skies forever.

 Northern Lights Copyright 2004 Kidhaven Press Deborah Underwood  aurora-borealis-htm aurora-borealis-htm  (astronomy) (astronomy)  ancient.htm Copyright 2005 Athropolis Productions Limited ancient.htm