Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Property\StateGasLiquidSolid Intermolecular Interaction Virtually noneConsiderable interaction FlowFluid – free flowFluid – nearly free flowRigid – virtually none Actual/Occupied Volume Ratio Close to NegligibleSlightly<1.00 Mode of Motion Virtually random translational motion Restricted translational motion Vibration about fixed sites only Simple Equation of State YesNo Comparison of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 2 Phase Changes

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 3 Dipole-Dipole Forces

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 4 Ion-Dipole Forces

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 5 Formation of Induced Dipole in a Helium Atom No induction in (a), since there are no ions or polar molecules in close proximity. Induction in (b) doe to presence of near ion or polar molecule

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 6 Induced Dipoles in Helium The indcued dipoles exist only momentarily. Nevertheless, at low enough temperatures, the generated disperion forces are sufficient for helium to condense.

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 7 Hydrogen Bonds in Water

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 8 Surface Tension

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 9 Capillary Action (a) Adhesion is higher (b) Cohesion is higher

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 10 Unit Cell and 3-D Depiction Unit Cell 3-D Structure

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 11 Seven Types of Units Cells – Seven Crystal Systems

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 12 Packing of Spheres – Simple Cubic Cell

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 13 Packing of Spheres – Body Centred Cubic Cell

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 14 Closest Packing – Two Arrangements

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 15 Cubic Unit Cells

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 16 Radii and Edge Length Relationships for Cubic Cell

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 17 X-Ray Diffraction

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 18 Crystal Structure of NaCl

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 19 Diamond and Graphite – Covalent Crystals

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 20 Properties of Crystals

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 21 Vapour Pressure

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 22 Vapour Pressure - Temperature

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 23 A Typical Heating Curve

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 24 Phase Diagrams