Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-Communicable Diseases Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases

Cancer Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells More than 100 types Occurs because of DNA damage A buildup can cause a tumor Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body

Types of Tumors 2 types: benign and malignant Benign - grows slowly and is noncancerous but could interfere with normal body functions Malignant - spreads to other tissues and is cancerous Metastasis - spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part

Types of Cancer Lymphomas – affect immune system Leukemias – affect blood-forming organs Carcinomas – affect glands and body linings including skin Sarcomas – affect connective tissues

Common Cancers Women – Breast Lung Colorectal Cancer of the Uterus Prostate Order for both men and women can change based upon race/ethnicity

General Signs and Symptoms Unexplained weight loss 10 or more pounds in a relatively short amount of time Fever Usually occurs after the cancer has spread to other parts Fatigue Does not get better with rest Pain Can be an early symptom with certain cancers or a later symptom with cancers that have spread Skin changes Discoloration, rashes Some cancers have more specific signs and symptoms www.cancer.org

Risk Factors for Cancer Exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substance) Tobacco and UV light are most common Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain at least 43 different carcinogens 215,000 new cases of lung cancer related to smoking are diagnosed each year Radiation (UV light) Skin that is tanned is your skin’s reaction to damage from the UV light

Risk Factors for Cancer STD’s Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Dietary Factors High fat, low fiber diets often linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers Heredity Family history can determine if you are at a higher risk

Treatments for Cancer Surgery to remove cancerous masses Radiation therapy uses radioactive substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells Immunotherapy activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere with the production of certain hormones that facilitate cancer growth.

Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy Insulin producing cells in the Pancreas are either inefficient or destroyed Insulin helps glucose enter body cells Type 1 accounts for 5 – 10% of all diabetes cases Body fails to produce insulin and glucose builds up in the blood Cells begin attacking and destroying cells in the pancreas that produce insulin Daily doses of insulin are required through injections or a specially attached pump

Diabetes Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases Usually appears in adults over age 40 Disease is developing in younger adults, teens, and children Body is unable to use insulin properly or is not making enough Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes High blood pressure High blood triglyceride (fat) levels Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds High-fat and carbohydrate diet High alcohol intake

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Sedentary lifestyle Obesity or being overweight Ethnicity: Certain groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Japanese Americans, have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic whites. Aging: Increasing age is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes begins to rise significantly at about age 45, and rises considerably after age 65.

Complications from Diabetes Blood-glucose levels that are elevated (hyperglycemia) over a long period of time can lead to: Heart Attack Stroke Blindness Kidney Failure Nerve Damage

Hypoglycemia Too low of a blood-glucose level Symptoms occur very quickly Shakiness Nervousness or anxiety Sweating, chills and clamminess Lightheadedness or dizziness Rapid/fast heartbeat Hunger and nausea Blurred/impaired vision Tingling or numbness in the lips or tongue Weakness or fatigue Lack of coordination Unconsciousness Irritability or impatience Confusion, including delirium Headaches Anger, stubbornness, or sadness Nightmares or crying out during sleep Seizures Coma

Treatments for Diabetes Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes Insulin injections help manage blood glucose levels There is no cure but weight loss has shown to greatly manage symptoms