Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators Allie Poston, Jessica Foster, Jaime Black, and Tiffany Myers

Objectives  Describe the system unit  Define the term bit and describe how a series of bits are used to represent data  Identify the major components of the system unit and explain their functions  Explain how the CPU uses the four steps of a machine cycle to process data  List the characteristics of a keyboard and identify various types of keyboards  Differentiate among the four types of output  Explain differences among various types of printers  Differentiate between storage and memory  Identify types of storage media and devices  Differentiate between CDs and DVDs

System Units It doesn’t matter the size, make, or model all computers and mobile devices have a system unit.

Data Representation How is data represented in a computer?  Binary System  Bits & Bytes  American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASCII

The Components of the System Unit  The motherboard

The CPU Central Processing Unit  Processor or Microprocessor  Dual & Multi-Core  Control Unit: Fetching, decoding, executing, storing.  The Arithmetic/Logic Unit, ALU  The System Clock

Memory Memory stores three basic items: 1. Operating system and other system that controls the computer equipment 2. The application software designed to carry out a specific task 3. The data being processed by the application

Memory Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards Removable Memory Devices Port and Connectors

Input- entering memory (4types)  Data-unprocessed  Program-instructions  Command –given  User Responses- questions

What are Input Devices  Keyboard  Pointing Devices  Touchpad  Trackball  Joystick and Wheel  Touch Screen  Optical Scanners  Pen Input  Audio and Video Input  PDAs, smartphones, and media players input

Output  Data that has been processed into a useful form.  Text, Graphics, Audio, and Video

Output devices  Displays- monitors, flat panel, LCD, Plasma  TVs  Printers  Data Projectors  Fax Machines  Whiteboards  Speakers, Headphones, Earphones

Storage Media and Devices

What is Storage?  Refers to the media on which data, information, and instructions are kept, as well as the devices that record and retrieve these items.  Stores data, instructions, and information when they are not being processed.

MEDIA AND DEVICES  Storage medium(media)-(secondary storage) is the physical material on which data, instructions, and information are kept.  Storage devices-the mechanism used to record and retrieve these items to and from a storage medium

Storage Devices  Magnetic disks (p.229) a.k.a. Floppy Disk  Hard Disks (p.230)  Miniature Hard Disks  Portable Hard Disks  Solid State Drives (p.232)  Optical Discs (p.232)  CDs and DVDs (p.232)  CD-ROM, PICTURE CDS, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, & BR  Miniature Mobile Storage Media (p.237)  Flash Memory Cards, USB Flash Drives, & Smart Cards

Optical Discs –CDs and DVDs  CDs and DVDs are one type of optical disc  Types of CDs:  CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW  Types of DVDs:  DVD- ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD+RAM, BD  Primarily stores music, movies, digital photographs, and software programs.

CDs and DVDs  CD-ROM-Compact Disc-read only memory  CD-R-Compact Disc-recordable  CD-RW-Compact Disc-rewritable  DVD-ROM-Digital Video-read only memory  DVD-R-Digital Video-recordable  DVD-RW- Digital Video-rewritable  BD-Blue-ray Disc

Facts about Storage Devices  Magnetic Discs have been replaced by the USB flash drive as the preferred portable storage medium.  Hard disks provide computers with a larger capacity of storage mostly for software programs and files.  Miniature Hard Disks are found in devices such as mp3 players, smart phones, and digital cameras.  Portable Hard Disks are external hard disks and removable hard disks.  Solid State Drives (SSD) have several advantages such as being faster, lasting up to 50 years, consuming less power, and generating less heat.

Miniature Mobile Storage Media  Flash Memory Card-used in digital cameras, smart phones, PDAs, photo printers, handheld gaming consoles and navigation devices and many more.  USB flash drives have replaced floppy discs because they have large storage capacities, easier to carry, and preferred among students and other computer users.  Smart Cards-used in storing health care information, student purchases on campus, or even employee attendance. Also double for an ID