Sky Motions Diurnal Motion Annual Motion.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two.

Advertisements

The Sun in the Sky And how it changes in the course of the year.

Observing the Sky The Birth of Astronomy.

Comet Machholz passes the Pleiades. Comet Machholz C/2004 Q2 Discovered byDonald Machholz, Jr. on August 27, 2004 Period of about 120,000 years Just up.

Chapter S1 Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation

The Memphis Astronomical Society Presents A SHORT COURSE in ASTRONOMY

PHYS 1025 – Introductory Astronomy Lecture 2, Either Semester

The Celestial Sphere.

Apparent/Actual Motions Summary

Seasons and Calendar Lecture 4.

Chapter 2 The Sky.

Apparent Motions of Celestial Objects

Observing and the Sky Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 3.

Guiding Questions What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one other? Are the.

Observing Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 3.

Prologue Welcome to PH109 Exploring the Universe Dr. Michael L. Cobb Fall, 2003.

The Earth Rotates.

Constellations. Celestial Sphere Our Point of View.

Roger A. Freedman • William J. Kaufmann III

The night sky? With the naked eye, we can see more than 2000 stars as well as the Milky Way. Remind students that we often use the term “constellation”

Review Questions How do you write Scientific Notation? How do you write Scientific Notation? What is the difference between Angular Measurements and Linear.

The Solar System.

Observing and the Sky Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 3.

Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two. Naked-eye astronomy had an important place in ancient civilizations Positional astronomy –the study of the positions.

Motion in the Sky. Discussion How do we estimate how far away things are from us in everyday life?

Patterns in the Sky (cont)

ASTR211 EXPLORING THE SKY Coordinates and time Prof. John Hearnshaw.

Motions of the Night Sky

The Celestial Sphere Stars at different distances all appear to lie on the celestial sphere. The 88 official constellations cover the celestial sphere.

Groups of dark brown streaks have been photographed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on melting pinkish sand dunes covered with light frost. Dark sand.

NATS From the Cosmos to Earth A model of the celestial sphere shows the patterns of the stars, the borders of the 88 official constellations, the.

Terrestrial Coordinates (useful for specifying locations on the surface of the Earth) Longitude - Longitude -- East/West Coordinate -- 0  at the Prime.

Welcome to PH109 Exploring the Universe Dr. Michael L. Cobb Fall, 2013.

Motions of the Earth Our goals for learning: What are the main motions of the Earth in space? How do we see these motions on the ground? How does it affect.

Seasons. Position of Ecliptic on the Celestial Sphere Earth axis is tilted w.r.t. ecliptic by 23 ½ degrees Equivalent: ecliptic is tilted by 23 ½ degrees.

SUN & SEASONS UFO Size of Stuff in the Sky Earth  * Eye/brain gauges angular size soccer ball  alone doesn’t give you true size!

CELESTIAL MOTIONS Stars appear to move counterclockwise on the surface of a huge sphere – the Starry Vault, in their daily motions about Earth Starry Vault.

Coordinate Systems.

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Seasonal Motion. Axis Tilt  Ecliptic The Earth’s rotation axis is tilted 23½° with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun This means the path.

Mastering Astronomy.

1 Lines in the Sky In order to use the sky to measure time you need to measure the location of objects in the sky. We will look at two methods of measuring.

 Celestial Sphere: an imaginary sphere on which all the celestial objects would appear  Celestial object: any object in the sky that genuinely appears.

1 “First day, I’d tell the class all I knew,” he told The Saturday Evening Post, “and there was nothin’ left to say for the rest o’ the semester.” - Andy.

Astronomy Basics Distances and Vocabulary Angles and the Unit Circle Powers of Ten Scientific Notation.

The Daily Motion As the Earth rotates, the sky appears to us to rotate in the opposite direction. The sky appears to rotate around the N (or S) celestial.

1.Stars move from east to west over the course of the night 2.Change slightly from one night to the next 3.However, their relative positions remain.

1 The Sun and the Celestial Sphere As the Earth orbits the Sun we seen the Sun in different locations against the backdrop of stars. The Earth reaches.

Sky Motions  Diurnal Motion Annual Motion. DIURNAL MOTION o Daily East / West motion of the sky Due to the Earth’s rotation (15°/hour) [360°/24 hours.

Constellations come, and climb the heavens, and go, And thou dost see them rise, Star of the Pole! and thou dost see them set, Alone,

Seasonal Motion. Daily and yearly motion intertwined Solar vs Siderial Day –Earth rotates in 23 h 56 m –also rotates around sun  needs 4 min. to “catch.

Daily and yearly motion intertwined Solar vs Siderial Day –Earth rotates in 23 h 56 m –also rotates around sun  needs 4 min. to “catch up” Consequence:

AstroLab-2 Locating Stars in the Sky Merav Opher-Fall 2004.

Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two. Naked-eye astronomy had an important place in ancient civilizations Positional astronomy –the study of the positions.

MOTIONS OF SKY. Goals To identify the different parts of the celestial sphere model To understand how to express the location of objects in the sky To.

Our Location on the Earth North South EastWest North South East you are here West.

Chapter 4: Rising & Setting Stars © BRIEF

Observational Astronomy Mapping the Heavens Coordinate Systems We have two different ways to locate objects in the sky: Celestial equatorial system -Right.

What is apparent motion? Important to understand what we see and what is actually happening. Apparent motion is what we see from Earth Actual motion is.

Astronomy vs. Astrology Astronomy: Astronomy: The scientific study of matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion,

Motion in the Sky. Discussion What is a year? Discussion What is a day?

Astronomy Unit 1 The celestial sphere and the seasons.

Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)

Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two.

Constellations Astronomy: A pattern of stars Astrology

Seeing the Sky Naked-Eye Astronomy.

November 8,2010 Celestial Motions.

Motions in the sky: The celestial sphere

Mr. Ahearn Earth Science 2010

ASTRO UNIT 1 REVIEW.

Presentation transcript:

Sky Motions Diurnal Motion Annual Motion

DIURNAL MOTION Daily East / West motion of the sky Due to the Earth’s rotation (15°/hour) [360°/24 hours = 15°/hour] [1° in 4 minutes] Stars fall into two groups Circumpolar - never rise or set Equatorial

Circumpolar Stars

Equatorial Stars

View from the North Pole

View from the Equator

Coordinate System

Celestial Meridian Circle going through north and south points on the horizon and the zenith Z

Celestial Meridian Objects on the Meridian are at their highest point in the sky (transit) Astronomical noon is when Sun is on the Meridian. Does not mean the Sun is directly overhead. Midnight is when the Sun is on the Meridian below the horizon.

Annual Motion

Horizon Calendar

Sunrises and Sunsets The Sky Dome Polaris W S N E On the day of an summer solstice… W On the day of an winter solstice… S On the day of an equinox… N E

Starting Points for the Sun Polaris W Vernal or Autumnal Equinox S Winter Solstice Summer Solstice N E Starting Points for the Sun

Sunrise in Athens

Stonehenge

Earth’s Annual Motion Leo

NCP Celestial Sphere Ecliptic Celestial Equator SCP Autumnal Equinox 23.5° Vernal Equinox

Sun’s Motion Tool

Inclined Pole causes Seasons Northern Hemisphere Summer N S 23.5° Northern Hemisphere Winter

Sun’s motion along the Ecliptic

ANNUAL MOTION Constellations move westward during the year. Due to Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun Sun appears to moves eastward 1°/day Path of the Sun called the ECLIPTIC Ecliptic inclined 23.5° to Equator Horizon calendar

Annual Motion Affects the Nighttime Sky Day 1 9:00 PM

Annual Motion Affects the Nighttime Sky Day 2 8:56 PM

Annual Motion Affects the Nighttime Sky 8:52 PM Day 3

Annual Motion Affects the Nighttime Sky 9:00 PM One Year Later

“Stars” Fixed Stars Planets - traveling or wandering stars Modern concept of stars Form the Constellations Planets - traveling or wandering stars Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn Meteors - “shooting stars” Comets - “long-haired stars”

Babylonian Astronomy

Babylonian Astronomy Star Charts

Babylonian Astronomy Fatalistic Pre-determinism Everything in nature pre-determined by the gods Doesn’t lend itself to model building Infinite time line

End of Section