London, IPv6 for mobile users Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Fritsche IABG IBC IPv6 conference

London, Diversity of today's available mobile devices

London, Source: UMTS-Forum Mobile Subscriber

London, Proceedings of Barcelona: 96 out of 226 documents contained IP 23 of those IPv6 IAB Wireless Workshop (RFC 3002): Recommendation for the use of IPv6 Recommendation for the use of Mobile IPv6 Enabling UMTS / 3G Services and Applications (No. 11) Suitability of Mobile IPv6 for cellular networks Mentioning of missing functionality (e.g. AAA) Proceedings of Washington: 20 out of 32 presentations mentioned Mobility 5 of those only Growing together: Internet and cellular communication

London, Cooperation

London, Mobility in the

London, Mobile IPv6 - Mobility in the Next Generation Internet

London, network A network B Internet Mobile IPv6 Transparency Routing Mobility Growing number of mobile Internet users Mobility support in the Internet needed Transparent mobility for all layers above IP Compatible with each routing protocol Influences routing of packets

London, Protocol stack IPv6 TCPv6UDPv6 IPv4 TCPv4UDPv4 Link Layer Interface Applications User-Mode Kernel-Mode Socket Interface Mobile IPv6

London, Terms used in Mobile IPv6 Node, which can change its access point to the Internet while still being reachable under its Home Address. Mobile Node Router located at the Mobile Node’s home network used by the Mobile Node for registering its c/o-Address. Home Agent Static IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at its home network. Home Address Temporary IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at the actually visited network of the Mobile Node (c/o = care-of). C/o-Address Association of the Home Address with the c/o-Address. Binding Cache for received Bindings. Binding Cache

London, Example Internet Home Agent R R R Home network A Network B Network C Corresp. Node C R Router

London, Internet  Mobile Node sends Binding Update  Home Agent replies with Binding Acknowledgement Home Agent Mobile Node R   R R Network B Network C Network A Corresp. Node C Mobile Node registers at its Home Agent

London, Triangle Routing Internet  Corresp. Node C initiates communication with Mobile Node and sends packets to MN‘s home address  Home Agent intercepts packets and forward them to the Mobile Node (proxy functionality)  Mobile Node replies directly to Corresp. Node C Home Agent R Mobile Node    R R Network B Network C Network A Corresp. Node C

London, Route Optimization Internet  Mobile Node sends Binding Update to Corresp. Node C  Corresp. Node C sends following packets directly to c/o address of Mobile Node Home Agent R Mobile Node   R R Network B Network C Network A Corresp. Node C

London, Internet  Mobile Node sends Binding Updates to Home Agent and all Corresp. Nodes, which already received a previous Binding Update from this Mobile Node Home Agent R R  R R Network B Network C Network A Network D Corresp. Node C Mobile IPv6 Roaming

London, Internet Mobile Node Home Agent 2 Home Agent 3  Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the Home Agents Anycast Address of its home network  One Home Agent answers with Binding Acknowledgement containing a list of available Home Agents Home Agent 1 R R Home Agent 3 9 Home Agent 1 2 Home Agent 2-3 Home Agents List Priority Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery

London,  Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the first Home Agent contained in the Home Agents List  Binding Acknowledgement completes Registration process Internet Mobile Node Home Agent 2 Home Agent 3 Home Agent 1 R R Home Agent 3 9 Home Agent 1 2 Home Agent 2-3 Home Agents List Priority Registration at selected Home Agent

London, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 - Further optimizations to Mobile IPv6

London, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Scalability Handoff Hierarchy Extension to Mobile IPv6 Introduces hierarchical registration scheme Not always registration to Home Agent necessary Local registration decreases Handoff delay Mobile Node AR MAP B AR MAP A AR Internet R Home Agent MAP Access Router Mobility Anchor Point AR

London, Home Agent R Mobility Domain A MAP AR Mobility Domain B MAP AR Internet Home network Example 1: Mobility within Domain Mobile Node Binding Update BU

London, Home Agent R Mobility Domain A MAP AR Mobility Domain B MAP AR Internet Home network Mobile Node Binding Update BU Example 2: Mobility between Domains

London,  128 bit IPv6 address space enables global address assignment to large user groups  Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration and Neighbor Discovery neither FAs nor DHCP server are necessary  IPv6 enables an efficient and dynamical localization of the HA  IPv6 Routing Header enables an efficient Route Optimization Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4

London,  IPv6 Destination Option enables co-existence of Mobile IPv6 and Ingress-Filtering  Mobile IPv6 control messages can be sent piggybacked with IPv6 packets  Due to parallel standardization of Mobile IPv6 and IPv6 special requirements are easier to regard ... draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-13.txt Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4 (ctnd.)

London, Mobile IPv6 implementations Windows NT, Windows 2000 Linux Windows NT, IP Edge Device... and others BSD

London, Standardization within IETF

London, WG in the Routing Area of the IETF Dealing with Macro-Mobility issues Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (version 13) Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (Version 2) AAA Requirements for Mobile IPv6 on RFC status (2977) Mobile IP WG New WG in the Transport Area of the IETF Dealing with Micro-Mobility issues Investigation in Handoff mechanisms Investigation in Context Transfer (AAA, QoS, Security) during Handoff Investigation in Paging Possibilities at IP layer Close co-operation with 3G Seamoby WG Standardization

London, Mobility in the

London, GPP All-IP Reference Architecture

London, Source: 3GPP Gf Gi Iu-ps' Iu Gi Mr Gi Ms Gi RUu MGW Gn Gc TEMT UTRAN Gr SGSN GGSN EIR MGCF R-SGW MRF Multimedia IP Networks PSTN/ Legacy/Externa l Mm Mw Mc Cx RUm TEMT GERAN Mh CSCF Mg T-SGW *) HSS *) MSC server GMSC server Mc MAP MGW Nb Nc Iu R-SGW *) Mh no IPv6IPv6 optionalIPv6 mandatory All-IP Reference Architecture

London, GSM and Mobile IP in the UMTS IP Core Network

London, Source: 3GPP Mobile IP Mobile IP in the UMTS IP Core Network

London, Mobility in the 5. FrameworkInformation Societies Technology

London, Start: Project duration: 24 months Total project costs M€ EU partner plus partner from Switzerland, USA, Canada, Japan and Korea Core data Wireless (Wireless LAN und 3G) and wired transmission techniques Establishment of an European testbed Use of IPv6 as much as possible Investigation in Mobility, Location based Services, Security,... Support of medical applications Content Characteristic

London, RUS Partner

London, Internet company site 1 company site 2 IPSec Gateway IPSec Gateway ? Road Warrior

London, Summary Both “sides”, Internet and Cellular Communication, have recognized the promising potential of the Mobile Internet market IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 are seen as an efficient and scalable solution for the future Mobile Internet Co-operation between organizations of the Internet and Cellular Communication side are established Numerous research activities take place in the area of IPv6 for mobile users From the technical side not all problems are solved now - but we are doing a good job here

London, Links

London, Source: 3GPP Mobile IP functionality Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step1 FA functionality is located at GGSN One FA in a PLMN is enough ==> Mobile IP roaming between different PLMNs Mobile Node is informed about FA and care-of address by PDP context set-up Additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)

London, Source: 3GPP Mobile IP functionality Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step2 More FAs can be present in a single PLMN FA closest to SGSN should be used  Mobile IP roaming also within a single PLMN possible Still additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)

London, Source: 3GPP Mobile IP functionality Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step3 SGSN and GGSN functionality combined into IGSNs Each IGSN supports Mobile IP (together with NAI, AAA,...) Mobile IP roaming used inside CN and between PLMNs