SANDING IS BORING Tedious Tedious Stupid Stupid Not necessary Not necessary Why sanding What is sanding – Materials & Techniques Protection – Woods Real Life: Mahogany species and woods from Cameroon: by Gisele. Introducing Mc Simmons: LIW Resident Expert on Wood Finishing

So boring that the choice of tools is bewildering The results are calling upon our senses

Touch

Touch

Touch

Feel

Feel

Hear

Screech

Sing

Look

Admire

Sand or Scrape? Contrary to their names, card scrapers, cabinet scrapers and scraper blades don’t scratch: they cut Contrary to their names, card scrapers, cabinet scrapers and scraper blades don’t scratch: they cut Card scrapers are ideal for lightly cleaning up areas of torn or gnarly wood that no other tool can deal with, but sharpening it is a task that frustrates even experienced woodworkers Card scrapers are ideal for lightly cleaning up areas of torn or gnarly wood that no other tool can deal with, but sharpening it is a task that frustrates even experienced woodworkers

Why - technically Shaping then Smoothing Shaping then Smoothing If grain changing direction: easier to sand than to use an edge tool ( planer ) If grain changing direction: easier to sand than to use an edge tool ( planer ) “Fill” – Equalize “Fill” – Equalize Finish the finish Finish the finish

Grain Emery - An abrasive that is a natural composite of Corundum and Iron Oxide. The grains are blocky, cut slowly, and tend to polish the material being abraded. Emery - An abrasive that is a natural composite of Corundum and Iron Oxide. The grains are blocky, cut slowly, and tend to polish the material being abraded. Aluminum Oxide - A blocky, hard grain best suited for sanding and grinding of ferrous and non- ferrous metals, wood and solid surface materials. Aluminum Oxide - A blocky, hard grain best suited for sanding and grinding of ferrous and non- ferrous metals, wood and solid surface materials. Garnet- A very sharp grain that cuts very quickly when new. Fractures quickly, keeping it sharp. Perfect for sanding wood end grains or for final-finish sanding of wood. Very economical. Garnet- A very sharp grain that cuts very quickly when new. Fractures quickly, keeping it sharp. Perfect for sanding wood end grains or for final-finish sanding of wood. Very economical. Stearate - An additive that prevents loading when sanding soft resinous woods, after sealer coats and when working with soft ferrous or non-ferrous metals. Not an abrasive grain. Stearate - An additive that prevents loading when sanding soft resinous woods, after sealer coats and when working with soft ferrous or non-ferrous metals. Not an abrasive grain. Alumina Zirconia - A very hard and sharp grain that works well for grinding of stainless steel, spring steel, titanium and other hard steels and for dimensioning of wood. Alumina Zirconia - A very hard and sharp grain that works well for grinding of stainless steel, spring steel, titanium and other hard steels and for dimensioning of wood. Crocus -A natural abrasive of iron oxide particles. Used mostly for cleaning and polishing soft metals Crocus -A natural abrasive of iron oxide particles. Used mostly for cleaning and polishing soft metals Silicon Carbide - A sharp, very hard and brittle grain best suited for sanding of glass, plastics, rubber, ceramics, solid surface materials and some non-ferrous metals. Silicon Carbide - A sharp, very hard and brittle grain best suited for sanding of glass, plastics, rubber, ceramics, solid surface materials and some non-ferrous metals.

Backing Paper Paper A - A very light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage B - A light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage C - A medium weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage D - A medium to heavy weight paper - typically for sheet use only or PSA or hook & loop disc usage E - A heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding F - A very heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding A - A very light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage B - A light weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage C - A medium weight paper - typically for sheet use only or light PSA or hook & loop disc usage D - A medium to heavy weight paper - typically for sheet use only or PSA or hook & loop disc usage E - A heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding F - A very heavy weight paper - typically for stroke or wide belt sanding Cloth Cloth J - A light weight, flexible Egyptian cotton cloth JF - A light weight, very flexible Egyptian cotton cloth X - A heavy, stiff Egyptian cotton cloth XF - A heavy, yet flexible Egyptian cotton cloth YX - A lighter weight polyester backing YY - A very heavy, stiff polyester backing J - A light weight, flexible Egyptian cotton cloth JF - A light weight, very flexible Egyptian cotton cloth X - A heavy, stiff Egyptian cotton cloth XF - A heavy, yet flexible Egyptian cotton cloth YX - A lighter weight polyester backing YY - A very heavy, stiff polyester backing Fiber – Fiber – A very hard, strong, coated abrasive backing material consisting of multiple plies of chemically-impregnated paper. Used primarily for disc products. A very hard, strong, coated abrasive backing material consisting of multiple plies of chemically-impregnated paper. Used primarily for disc products.

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Names

Sanding Sequence Start to plane Start to plane What about a card scraper? No Edge tool after sanding ! What about a card scraper? No Edge tool after sanding ! Remove all scratches from previous operation => Vacuum / Dust off / Blow off with air. Run your hand over the surface - your fingers and palm are remarkably sensitive. Vacuum and wipe with a lint-free cloth. Remove all scratches from previous operation => Vacuum / Dust off / Blow off with air. Run your hand over the surface - your fingers and palm are remarkably sensitive. Vacuum and wipe with a lint-free cloth. Remove any grit from the previous sanding. I doesn't become apparent until you stain. Wiping with mineral spirits or lacquer thinner Remove any grit from the previous sanding. I doesn't become apparent until you stain. Wiping with mineral spirits or lacquer thinner The Pencil Mark Depth Gauge The Pencil Mark Depth Gauge On a drawer, sand all pieces BEFORE assembly On a drawer, sand all pieces BEFORE assembly Save Time and Sweat: 4 minutes per sheet / Throw away before it glazes – before it gets dull Save Time and Sweat: 4 minutes per sheet / Throw away before it glazes – before it gets dull

Storage Store in dry, frost free conditions. Away from heat sources, cold, damp walls, doors or windows and should not be in direct contact with the floor. Store in dry, frost free conditions. Away from heat sources, cold, damp walls, doors or windows and should not be in direct contact with the floor. Temperatures and humdity should be between °C and 45%-65% Relative Humidity. Keep products in their original packaging Temperatures and humdity should be between °C and 45%-65% Relative Humidity. Keep products in their original packaging Filing system Filing system

Grit sequence Milling mark: use 100 grit Milling mark: use 100 grit Vacuum – Don’t skip 120, 150 Vacuum – Don’t skip 120, 150 Sand the whole piece, everywhere! Sand the whole piece, everywhere! Most finishes “like” 220 Most finishes “like” 220 Penetrating oil: 400 Penetrating oil: 400 Water based glazes: 150 ( water will raise the grain anyway ) then 180 through 400 Water based glazes: 150 ( water will raise the grain anyway ) then 180 through 400 Use finer grit ( 100) on more aggressive tools ( belt sanders) : there is more sanding surface on a 100 grit than on a 80 – it will bite more! Use finer grit ( 100) on more aggressive tools ( belt sanders) : there is more sanding surface on a 100 grit than on a 80 – it will bite more! The harder the wood, the harder it is to remove scratches The harder the wood, the harder it is to remove scratches Let the tool do the work: guidance – not pressure Let the tool do the work: guidance – not pressure Always use a sanding block Always use a sanding block

Use a mechanical sander  Final pass with your finest grit using very light pressure on the orbital sander.  Lift the sander straight up and not tilt it.  Keep the sander at full speed while sanding.  Start with 120 for grinding of glue and joint leveling.  Going from 100 to 150 is a no-no.  You can't skip grits on a stained project. OK on paint. Most veneered plywood is already sanded to 150, but it is a straight sanding as opposed to orbital, so you need to get rid of the straight scratches. Use 150 on pre-sanded veneers.  A finish sander has a smaller swirl pattern (3/32") while a normal sander has a larger pattern (3/16").

Cut a sheet Crease – torn only along half its length First quarter is folded – grit facing out Two thicknesses are folded on sheet’s third quarter smooth surface Fourth quarter is folded onto final shape

Cut a sheet with a jig Mark the back!

Hand Power Sanding Systems Edge tools – Planer - Scraper Edge tools – Planer - Scraper Not to Be Found:Stanley Rasps Not to Be Found:Stanley Rasps Sand a Profile Sand a Profile Wipe, Blow, Lift, Dust off Wipe, Blow, Lift, Dust off Water / Alcohol / Spirit Water / Alcohol / Spirit

Motorized Sanding Systems Disks Rasps – Disks Coarse – Disks Flaps Disks Rasps – Disks Coarse – Disks Flaps Large Rectangular Sanders Large Rectangular Sanders Porter Cable Random Orbital Sanders Porter Cable Random Orbital Sanders Profile Sanders: Roybi, P.C., Fein Profile Sanders: Roybi, P.C., Fein

Sharpening the Scraper Get rid of harden metal from the burnishing tool and flatten edge on a rasp with a coarse mill file Get rid of harden metal from the burnishing tool and flatten edge on a rasp with a coarse mill file Flatten the edge with a file Flatten the edge with a file Smooth edge with a stone Smooth edge with a stone Burr / rotate and flip the burr Burr / rotate and flip the burr Listen to the whistle blowing in the wind Listen to the whistle blowing in the wind