Vietnam War: Retaliation to Tet Offensive/ My Lai Massacre

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Presentation transcript:

Vietnam War: Retaliation to Tet Offensive/ My Lai Massacre May 9, 2013

January 31, 1968: Tet Offensive Over 1,500 Americans killed Response: Americans bitter No large scale battles Went against cease-fire U.S. looking for Vietcong In past: many U.S. killed/ injured by Vietcong posing as civilians U.S. troops target South Vietnam villages that “sympathize” with Vietcong Told to: burn homes; kill livestock; destroy crops Charlie Company Previously: Suffered 30 attacks by Vietcong Many wounded; 5 deaths Approach village in My Lai Debate orders Suspect EVERYONE of conspiring with Vietcong NO Vietcong soldiers or weapons

March 16, 1968: My Lai Massacre U.S. Troops murder Vietnamese civilians Men, women, AND children Sexually assaulted; mutilated; tortured Killed EVERYONE in the village Burned village/ no evidence NOT every soldier in Charlie Company committed killings After attack…Newspapers in U.S. read: 128 Vietcong; 22 civilians killed Charlie Company congratulated Soldiers who did NOT murder “blow whistle” on what happened in My Lai 14 soldiers on trial Claim take orders of Lieutenant Lieutenant sentenced to life in prison Only 4 ½ months in military prison U.S. count 347 dead; Vietnam claim 504 killed Reminder: Soldier no regard for human life

Getting out of Vietnam May 15, 2013

January 1968: Tet Offensive March 1968: My Lai Massacre April 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated June 1968: Robert Kennedy assassinated November 1968: Nixon elected president Nixon’s Goal: Get U.S. out of Vietnam Peace with Honor 1969: Vietnamization U.S. gradually remove troops Let South Vietnam troops fight own battles 1970: Nixon sick of waiting for peace Bomb Ho Chi Minh Trail (trail that supplied Vietcong) 3 million tons of bombs dropped (hit Laos/ Cambodia) Americans outraged the war NOT over May 1970: Kent State University Anti-Vietnam War protest Students throw rocks/ bottles at Nat’l Guard 4 students shot dead

1971: 2/3 Americans want troops withdrawn Even if Communists take over Nixon needs to get out of Vietnam to win re-election October 1972: U.S. & North Vietnam begin PEACE talks again November 1972 Election: Nixon wins re-election January 1973: Cease fire signed (no fight) POWs returned (550) March 29, 1973: last troops leave Advisors/ contractors stay in South Vietnam January 1974: North Vietnam rebuild military & invade South Vietnam Goes against Cease-Fire April 29, 1975: In 18 hours, U.S. airlift 1,000 Americans & 7,000 South Vietnamese refugees out of Vietnam April 30, 1975: North Vietnam takes over South Vietnam Vietnam is UNIFIED and COMMUNIST

Death Toll U.S. – 58,000 (300,000 injured) Vietnam – 2 million dead Did Communism Spread??? Yes (but not as bad as thought) Laos and Cambodia turn comm. No appreciation to returning troops No warmth/ No parades Physical/ psychological issues Post Traumatic Stress: severe anxiety after witnessing traumatic event $$$ + Death Toll = Distrust in Gov’t War Powers Act: President must consult Congress within 48 hours if send troops to foreign conflict Americans want No Foreign INVOLVEMENT Don’t want another “Vietnam”