Constitutional Disputes in the Age of Jackson 1824-1840 http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jacksons-personality-and-legacy

Quick Review… 1800-1808 Thomas Jefferson… 1808-1816 James Madison… Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of 1807 1808-1816 James Madison… War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War” 1816-1824 James Monroe… Era of Good Feelings, Nationalism

Is this a positive or negative depiction of Jackson? How can you tell? S – Summarize (What do you see?) C – Contextualize (When is this being made?) I – Infer (Message?) M – Monitor (What does it lead us to question?) Is this a positive or negative depiction of Jackson? How can you tell?

The Election of 1824 All candidates were Democrat-Republicans None won a majority John Quincy Adams (MA) Andrew Jackson (TN) Henry Clay (KY) William Crawford (GA)

Electoral Breakdown

The “Corrupt Bargain” The House of Representatives had to vote Adams and Clay team up Adams (President) Clay (Secretary of State Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain” Jackson had won the popular vote Clay become the “Judas of the West” The people felt overruled

Election of 1828 The Democrat-Republican party splits Democrat Party nominates Andrew Jackson National Republican Party nominates Adams Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides to run with Jackson

John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824 Election of 1824 The “Corrupt Bargain” Jackson’s defeat Martin Van Buren Election of 1828 Four-way race, no majority (Jackson has the most popular and electoral votes) Henry Clay gives his support to Adams; Adams wins, makes Clay Sect. of State (Jackson = “corrupt bargain”) After losing, Jackson hires Van Buren to run his campaign Jackson = down-to-earth, a common man; Adams = elitist wins Election of 1828 “Jacksonian Democracy”

Jackson’s Victory

“Jacksonian Democracy” “Old Hickory” “Log Cabin Candidate” Appealed to the Common Man White Manhood Suffrage “Westerner” Elites thought a savage had been unleashed on the White House

First Known Portrait of Jackson

“The Spoils System” “King Andrew” – appointed friends and loyal advisers to political positions

Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Issue or Conflict Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution Spoils System (what is it?) Awarding political jobs to supporters Jackson supports the spoils system Jackson was the first president to use the spoils system (Election of 1828) Leads to corruption; people getting jobs are not necessarily qualified

Jackson’s Native American Policy Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Native Americans land west of Mississippi (Indian Reserves) protected by the USA Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Chocktaw Indians

The Cherokee Nation

Cherokee Assimilation

Cherokee Alphabet (Sequoyah)

Worchester vs. Georgia (1832) Cherokee take their case before the Supreme Court John Marshall (Chief Justice) Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay on their land Jackson ignored the order, forced removal

“…John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

Indian Removal

Map of the Trail of Tears

4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey Trail of Tears 4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey

Issue or Conflict Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution Worcester v. Georgia (what is it?) Supreme Court ruled that taking the land from the Indians was illegal Jackson IGNORES the ruling Wants to remove the Indians from the land and give it to American settlers Indian Removal Act Indians will be forced to move off of the land Trail of Tears 16,000 Cherokee travel along this route 4,000 die before reaching their destination Video: http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification Discussion: If you were a member of Congress in 1830, would you have voted in favor of passing the Indian Removal Act? Why or why not?

Indian Removal Timeline & Primary Source from the Cherokee Review the Timeline as a class & Highlight or underline key events Answer the questions Cherokee Primary Source Questions

Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Issue or Conflict Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution Second Bank of the U.S. (what is it?) Whig Party supports a national bank; they believe it will promote economic growth Jackson believes the national bank is corrupt & and will only benefit the wealthy Jackson vetoes every bill for a national bank Wins re-election in 1832, Jackson moves federal money into state banks (“pet banks”) Panic of 1837 (Van Buren was President) Greatly hurt the US economy

Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Issue or Conflict Jackson’s Opinion about the Issue Jackson’s Solution to the Issue Final Outcome of Jackson’s Solution Nullification Crisis (what is it?) John C. Calhoun & the South want to nullify (void) high tariffs b/c they threatened the southern economy Jackson did NOT support nullification SC refused to pay the tariff & threatened to leave the Union The Force Bill (1833) gives Jackson power to send troops to SC if they refuse to pay the tax Henry Clay helped build a compromise; Congress lowered the tariff & the crisis is postponed Nullification = belief that states can void a federal law “Tariff of Abominations”

Jackson as President 1832 – Easily wins a second term Jackson founds the Democrat Party Extends Presidential Power (uses veto power more than all other previous presidents combined – 12 times)

Opposition to Jackson The Whig Party Formed to oppose Jackson’s power Desired an end to “King Andrew’s” policies

DISCUSSION ACTIVITY 5 JUDGES The Treasury Department is in the process of deciding whether or not to remove President Andrew Jackson from the Twenty Dollar bill and replace him with someone else. They are seeking the help of expert historians to determine whether Jackson deserves to stay on the bill or whether he should be removed. Why or why not does Jackson deserve this honor? Left Side – In Support of Jackson on the bill Right Side – Against Jackson on the bill 5 JUDGES

Support your argument Have at least 3 reasons/factors backing up your argument! How do you really feel? Should Jackson stay on the $20 bill?

Politics After President Jackson Election of 1836 President Martin Van Buren Panic of 1837 Election of 1840 (“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”) Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s Vice President) wins Election of 1836 Economy goes into a full-scale depression William Henry Harrison (Whig) runs for President with John Tyler

Politics After President Jackson “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too” William Henry Harrison Shortest Presidency President John Tyler Harrison defeats Van Buren in Election of 1840 Three weeks after his inaugural address, Harrison dies from pneumonia John Tyler takes over, but rejects all of the policies of the Whig Party (vetoed national bank)