Introduction to Visual Communication Television. Television Like film – television is actually a series of still images presented to the eye in rapid.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Visual Communication Television

Television Like film – television is actually a series of still images presented to the eye in rapid successionLike film – television is actually a series of still images presented to the eye in rapid succession Earliest experiments in 1890sEarliest experiments in 1890s –Italian monk – Casselli –Pictures by wire

Television Mechanical TelevisionMechanical Television Paul Nipkow – scanning diskPaul Nipkow – scanning disk –Nipkow disk John Loge BairdJohn Loge Baird –Scottish inventor working with BBC –Launched the first system based on mechanical scanning

Nipkow disk

Television Electronic television – cathode ray tubeElectronic television – cathode ray tube Vladimir ZworykinVladimir Zworykin –Iconoscope Philo T. FarnsworthPhilo T. Farnsworth –Image Dissector

Electromagnetic yoke Filament Electron cloud Electron stream

Electronic scanning

White light Beam splitter

Color TV screens

Television standards National Television Standard Commission (NTSC) Standard Definition (SDTV) 4:3 aspect ratio 525 lines of horizontal resolution 30 frames per second 60 fields per second 2 fields per frame Interlace scanning

Television standards High definition (HDTV) 16:9 aspect ratio 1080 lines of horizontal resolution 30 frames per second Progressive scanning

Television production Originally all television was live – except for films which were shown on TV Multiple cameras were connected to a switcher Camera shots were selected in real time and sent out over the air

Switcher Transmitter

Videotape Ampex corporation invented the videotape recorder Allowed television programs to be recorded and “mistakes” could be corrected

Quadruplex Videotape

Quadruplex

Helical scan

Switcher VTR Live on Tape

Isolated Camera VTR

Film Style Single camera production One camera – film or video Each shot is recorded individually Entire program is assembled in post production through editing Most hour-long dramas and some sit-coms

Forcing perspective S0hE8g&feature=relatedhttp:// S0hE8g&feature=related

Forcing perspective