Physical & Chemical Parameters of the Turnbow Pond Cody Clark Dylan Weir Jeffery Johnson

Turnbow Pond Groundwater Fed –Multiple seeps on uphill side –Stream running along south edge Expanded a couple years ago –Most macrophytes removed –Very turbid after refill Aeration system

Group A Dissolved Oxygen Temperature Total Phosphorus Conductiviy pH Bathymetry Irradiance Chlorophyll ɑ

YSI 556 Multiprobe Measures Dissolved Oxygen Temperature Conductivity pH

Dissolved O² & Temp

Conductivity & pH

Total Phosphorus Kemmerer Sampler

Bathymetry Equipment Boat, depth finder with GPS system, and a handheld GPS. Process Depth finder attached to boat maps the pond floor GPS collects data points as the boat moves around the pond Handheld GPS walked around high water mark

Bathymetry Methods –Paddle around pond in a grid pattern –Establish minimum and maximum depths for sample protocols –Walk the edge of the entire pond where the visible high water mark resides

Bathymetry Data Analysis –ArcGIS software organizes data points and renders a 3-D image of the pond shape and depth throughout –Minimum, maximum and average depths are calculated –Water volume is calculated from 3-D rendering and GPS points.

Bathymetry Results –All data points collected

Bathymetry Results Volume = M³ Area = 4679 M²

How to Measure Irradiance Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) Measures amount of light able to penetrate to “X” depth

Irradiance Profile Zero UV penetration >1m depth This plus turbidity creates colder temperatures for trout.

What Is Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll is used by green plants and algae to absorb sunlight and carry out photosynthesis.

Why Were Chlorophyll Samples taken? By measuring chlorophyll, you are indirectly measuring the amount of photosynthesizing plants found in a sample. In this case Algae To little, not enough to support biological communities. To much, indicates abnormally high nutrient levels Can result in algal blooms

How was it Collected? Collected using a 2 liter Van- Dorn Sampler Samples were taken at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 meters

Turnbow Pond Chlorophyll a Turnbow pond is Eutrophic Like most ponds Highly productivity due to high nutrients,especia lly nitrogen and phosphorus.

What do These Levels Mean? Upper water layer has µg/L Most Eutrophic ponds range from 20 – 56 µg/L A Clear high mountain lakes have µg/L Levels in pond may have been much higher in summer

What can be done? Refrain from spreading fertilizers up hill of the pond Increase the number of Cladocera by decreasing pond pH