2.1 THE CELL AS AN EFFICIENT, OPEN SYSTEM
TO DO Using the textbook and your work book, fill in the cell structures and their functions. Pages
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Cell Membrane- a protective barrier for the cell: allows transport of materials into the cell and waste out of the cell Nucleus- contains DNA and directs all cellular activity Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance, organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Cell wall- found in plants, bacteria, some protists (single celled organisms), and fungi, a rigid frame around the cell that provides strength and support Chloroplasts- found only in plants and some protists. Contain chlorophyll that gives plants its green colour. Photosynthesis takes place here Vacuoles- membrane bound structures that store nutrients and water.
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials Rough- has ribosomes attached Smooth- fat and oil production Ribosomes- where protein synthesis takes place Lysosomes- digestion occurs here, as well defense
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Golgi apparatus- involved in secretion and transporting of substances out of the cell Mitochondria- cellular respiration takes place here. They are the powerhouse of the cell
LABEL
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are the major elements that make up the cells. These are organized into four major organic compounds Lipids- fats and oils Carbohydrates- sugars, starches, and cellulose Protein- muscle fibre Nucleic acids- DNA Water is another major compound found in all plants and animal cells. There are also many trace elements that are essential Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe
TO DO In your notes, make a table showing the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
THE CELL MEMBRANE The role of the cell membrane is to maintain equilibrium or balance inside the cell Also known as the plasma membrane It is a protective barrier between the environment and the cell’s fragile contents Consists of a phospholipid bilayer
THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER This is a double layer of lipids (fat) that have a phosphate group attached The phosphates (hydrophilic)face out into the watery fluids on either side of the membrane, while the lipids (hydrophobic) face towards each other There are proteins suspended in the bilayer
THE MOSAIC MODEL A mosaic is a collection of different substances held together by a common material
CELL CITY ASSIGNMENT See handout