Doug Brooks, President IPOA – The Association of the Stability Operations Industry 22 June 2009 ISS, Tshwane, South Africa The role of the private sector.

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Doug Brooks, President IPOA – The Association of the Stability Operations Industry 22 June 2009 ISS, Tshwane, South Africa The role of the private sector in African Conflicts _____________________________ – 1634 I Street, NW, suite 800, Washington, DC 20006, USA

Spicy Quote Relevancy: “Any military that intends to be relevant beyond its national borders will be working with the private sector.” -Doug Brooks

Surge capacity Limitless resources Experience – former military/gov’t Capabilities, Specializations Flexible expansion/modifications Staying Power Cost Effective FasterCheaperBetter Why Contingency Contractors?

The Contingency Operations Industry Demand Driven! Company Type: LSCs: Logistics & Support Companies PSCs: Private Security Companies SSR&Ds: Security Sector Reform & Development Companies Sample Service: Logistics & Supply Risk Consulting Medical Services Construction Maintenance IEDD/UXO/EOD Waste Management Strategic Transport Site Protection Travel & Transit Protection Private Security Details Threat Assessment Intelligence Security Sector Reform Economic Development Crisis Mitigation & Recovery Governance Rule of Law Law Enforcement

Members of IPOA AECOMExploration Logistics GroupPaxton International AgilityFSI WorldwidePax Mondial Al-HureaGardaWorldRA International AMECOGe2bReed, Inc. American Glass ProductsGlobecomm Systems Inc.Rutherfoord Arkel InternationalGlobal Fleet SalesSecuirforce International Inc. ArmorGroupGold Coast HelicoptersSecuriguard, Inc. ASPICGOR GroupSecurity Support Solutions (3S) AviazapchastHART SecurityShook, Hardy & Bacon LLP Burton Rands AssociatesHolland & Hart LLPSkyLink USA CMSSInsituSOS International Crowell & Moring LLPInternational Armored GroupSwift Freight International CTG GlobalJ-3 Global ServicesTangiers International Cyrus Strategies LLPMedical Support SolutionsThreat Management Group DanimexMineWolf Systems AGTOIFOR GmbH DLA Piper LLPMission Essential PersonnelTriple Canopy Dreshak International NAMPRITundra DynCorp InternationalNew Century ConsultingUnity Resource Group Ecolog InternationalOlive GroupURS Corporation, EG&G Division EOD Technology Inc.OSSI SafenetWhitney, Bradley & Brown, Inc. Evergreen InternationalOverseas Lease GroupWorldwide Shelters LLC

Iraq DoD Contractor Personnel Breakdown by Type of Service Provided (as of 31 March 09) – U.S. DoD SPOT database Total Contractors in Iraq for DoD: 132,610 PSCs about 5% of industry

Article 47 of the 1977 Additional Protocol of the Geneva Conventions: 1) Choose to fight in a conflict; 2) Actually fight in the conflict; 3) Motivated by personal gain; 4) Not be from the area; 5) Not be sent by a state; 6) Not member of the military. Term is Derogatory. REAL Definition of ‘mercenary’: Foreigners and business people we don’t like. Mercenaries?

Spicy Quote Int’l Peace Ops: “The private sector is revolutionizing international peace operations - no mission could succeed without contractors.” -Doug Brooks

Westernless Peacekeeping Int’l Peacekeeping – Growing and is long term – UN, AU and regional operations Westernless Peacekeeping – West has abrogated responsibility – Mils from developing countries willing West won’t support: Private sector will

Western Participation including UNFIL

But West without UNFIL...

Spicy Quote Local Employment: “Private firms in our industry utilize local talent when allowed so long as the necessary skill sets are available. If not local, then TCNs, and if TCNs aren’t allowed, only then Westerners.” -Doug Brooks

Industry Essential to Stability Ops  Allow mils and PKOs to focus on policies  Reduce logistical burden, personnel drain  Durability, capability, specializations  Reduce military footprint  Vast reconstruction advantages  Host Country National (HCN) jobs  Capacity building  Real economic benefits

Darfur Case study: UN transport helicopters Transport helicopters Deploy by March 2009? Under-Sec-Gen, Dept. Of Field Support – AU Helicopters privately contracted – Issue of performance in combat – forbidden – Complexity and internationality issues

Humanitarian Security in Darfur? Technically simple Addresses thorny political will issue Precedent for private humanitarian security Several firms interested in camp security Caveats: – Must have legal framework – Private can stop killing; can’t end problem Problem of ‘Ruthless Humanitarianism’

Spicy Quote Industry Regulation: “Good regulation and good oversight are good for good companies.” -Doug Brooks

Clients key to improving standards Firms evolve to address client concerns Clients ignore standards Clients ignore csodes and past performance Voluntary codes and standards Cost money Reduce competitiveness will only work if Impact on international policies Higher costs reduces int’l capabilities Finite funding for even humanitarian ops Reward good companies by paying attention to standards and quality! Improving Standards

Part I: Clarifies State obligations to international law -contracting States -territorial States -home States Part II: Good practices for the use of private sector The Montreux Document 1. Afghanistan 2. Angola 3. Australia 4. Austria 5. Canada 6. China 7. France 8. Germany 9. Iraq 10. Poland 11. Sierra Leone 12. South Africa 13. Sweden 14. Switzerland 15. United Kingdom 16. Ukraine 17. United States of America The following additional States have joined the Montreux Document since its release, with date of communication of support: 18. Macedonia (3 February 2009) 19. Ecuador (12 February 2009) 20. Albania (17 February 2009) 21. Netherlands (20 February 2009) 22. Bosnia and Herzegowina (9 March 2009) 23. Greece (13 March 2009) 24. Portugal (27 March 2009) 25. Chile (06 Avril 2009) 26. Uruguay (22 Avril 2009) 27. Liechtenstein (27 Avril 2009) 28. Qatar (30 Avril 2009) 29. Jordan (18 May 2009) 30. Spain (20 May 2009)

Promote Ethical and Professional Service. Proactive Self Regulation. Support Int’l Legislation. Standards Committee Oversight. Open Complaints Procedure. Member-led Review Process. Annual Standards Simulation Robust CoC not a replacement for govts! The IPOA Code of Conduct

Increasing awareness Increasing client recognition of value Emphasis on training Pre-empting complaints Tightening the process Stakeholder engagement Improving the Process

IPOA The Association of the Stability Operations Industry Promote professionalism and ethical conduct; Uphold industry standards; Engage in advocacy with governments; Provide networking and business development; Ensure outreach and educational activities on role and value of the industry.

Peace Operations Institute Making the case for the private sector! Tax deductable - focus on long term Private sector effectiveness Think-tank – solid academic credentials Research projects Academic and media fellows Best practices, humanitarian value Seeking stakeholders, funding sources

Journal of International Peace Operations

AECOMExploration Logistics GroupPaxton International AgilityFSI WorldwidePax Mondial Al-HureaGardaWorldRA International AMECOGe2bReed, Inc. American Glass ProductsGlobecomm Systems Inc.Rutherfoord Arkel InternationalGlobal Fleet SalesSecuirforce International Inc. ArmorGroupGold Coast HelicoptersSecuriguard, Inc. ASPICGOR GroupSecurity Support Solutions (3S) AviazapchastHART SecurityShook, Hardy & Bacon LLP Burton Rands AssociatesHolland & Hart LLPSkyLink USA CMSSInsituSOS International Crowell & Moring LLPInternational Armored GroupSwift Freight International CTG GlobalJ-3 Global ServicesTangiers International Cyrus Strategies LLPMedical Support SolutionsThreat Management Group DanimexMineWolf Systems AGTOIFOR GmbH DLA Piper LLPMission Essential PersonnelTriple Canopy Dreshak International NAMPRITundra DynCorp InternationalNew Century ConsultingUnity Resource Group Ecolog InternationalOlive GroupURS Corporation, EG&G Division EOD Technology Inc.OSSI SafenetWhitney, Bradley & Brown, Inc. Evergreen InternationalOverseas Lease GroupWorldwide Shelters LLC Thank you! Questions?