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Contents 2 Methodology Awareness of forms of protecting children without parental care Foster care in Montenegro Attitudes towards foster care Experience and interest in foster care Communication channels Effects of the campaign Conclusions

3 Methodology 1

Ad hoc face-to-face survey with interviewing performed at respondents’ home Data collected on representative sample for population of Montenegro citizens aged 18 and more Target population size is: Sample size is : 1031 (with 130 sampling points) Sample type: stratified 3-staged probability sample with sampling stages : ─Unit of the first stage - Polling station territory – approximately size of 200 HH (PPS with probabilities proportional to size) ─Unit of the second stage- Households by random route technique starting from the given addresses (SRSWoR) ─Unit of the third stage – Households member with same probability (SRSWoR) – Kish scheme Stratification is done according to: ─Type of settlement – urban/rural ─4 geo-economic regions Post stratification is performed regarding: gender, age, type of settlement, geo-economical region Fieldwork control is done in 12% of totally interviewed in all strata proportionally to sample size, and logic and consistency control of collected data is performed in 100% of cases Period of data collection: from 1st – 5th February % confidence interval for incidence of 5% is +/- 1.2% 95% confidence interval for incidence of 20% is +/- 2.2% 95% confidence interval for incidence of 50% is +/- 2.8% 4

Sample 5 Gender AgeEducationRegion Type of settlement

6 Awareness of forms of protecting children without parental care 2

Providing support by the state for those who are at risk of abandoning the child 7 Do you think that the state helps sufficiently family/individual person/mother who are at risk of abandoning the child due to various problems/circumstances? Whom can such family / individual / mother turn to for help? Base: Total target population. Do you think that the state helps sufficiently family/individual person/mother who are at risk of abandoning the child due to various problems circumstances? Multiple responses; Base: Total target population. Whom can such family / individual / mother turn to for help? Open ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

The reasons for the separation of the child from the family 8 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population Why do you think that children are usually separated from family? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Mentioned forms of protection of children without parental care by the state 9 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population To start with, please try to recall all forms of protection and ways the state can use to provide for or protect children without parents and without proper parental care? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Knowledge about foster care 10 Base: Total target population All things considered, how informed do you consider yourself about foster care – what it involves, what the legal regulations and procedures are like..? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Perception of foster care 11 Multiple answers; Base: Total target population In your opinion, what is fostering? Open ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Perception of foster care - Yes 12 Base: Total target population Now I will read to you some statements. Please tell me whether you think that they are right or not. Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Perception of foster care – No 13 Base: Total target population Now I will read to you some statements. Please tell me whether you think that they are right or not.. Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Perception of foster care – obligations of foster parents towards the child 14 Base: Total target population In your opinion, which of the following means foster care, that is, what are the obligations of foster parent towards the child? Statistički značajna razlika na nivou 0.05 u odnosu na prethodni talas

Differences between fostering and adoption 15 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population. In your opinion, what are the most distinctive differences between fostering and adoption as two forms of care for children without parents or without proper parental care? Open ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Process of foster care and adoption 16 Base: Total target population. Which institution is in charge of adoption and foster care processes? *2012 question referred both to adoption and foster care Do you think that all children without parental care, regardless of their personal characteristics (gender, age, nationality, mental health, physical health…) can be adopted or placed in foster family? Which institution is in charge of adoption and foster care processes? * Base: Total target population. Do you think that all children without parental care, regardless of their personal characteristics (gender, age, nationality, mental health, physical health…) can be adopted or placed in foster family? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Who would best take care of the child if parents can’t take care about the child? 17 Base: Total target population. If parents can't take care about the child (deceased or unable because of other reasons to care about the child), who, in your opinion, would best take care of the child? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Placing children without parental care in institutions 18 Base: Total target population. Do you think that a child growing up in an institution stands equal chances for growth and development as a child growing up in a family? Do you think that placing a child without parental care in an institution is adequate form of protection? Do you think that a child growing up in an institution stands equal chances for growth and development as a child growing up in a family? Base: Total target population. Do you think that placing a child without parental care in an institution is adequate form of protection? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Placing children without parental care in institutions against placing them in foster family 19 Base: total target population Which of the following two options do you consider to be better for a child without parental care – to be placed in an institution / home for children without parental care or to be placed in foster family?

Awareness of forms of protecting children without parental care Majority of the citizens of Montenegro still express attitude that the state doesn't help enough persons or families being in situation where likelihood of abandoning a child is increased. Centre for social work is most frequently perceived as an institution to which such family or individual can turn for help. Furthermore, the role of the centre for social work is even more pronounced in comparison with the last survey wave (60% against 52%). The most frequently mentioned reasons why children are separated from family are still poor financial situation of the family (68%), family violence (47%), as well as negligence and reluctance of parents to raise their children (42%). In comparison with the period prior to campaign associated with foster care, smaller percentage of the citizens mention placement of children in institutions of social protection (63% against 69%), while, in comparison with the last wave, significantly higher percentage of the citizens point to foster care as an adequate form of child protection (46% against 35%). According to their own admission, citizens of Montenegro are currently more informed about foster care. While 71% claimed last year that they know a little about foster care, this percentage has currently fallen to 55%. In compliance with this, significantly higher percentage of them claim to know something about foster care (38% against 25%), or to know much about it (7% against 4%). 20

Awareness of forms of protecting children without parental care No significant changes have occurred in perception of foster care – it is still mainly perceived as care about the child. Significant change is reflected in the fact that significantly lower percentage of the citizens are unable to specify their idea of fostering (in comparison with previous wave when 24% of the citizens could not specify it, in this wave this percentage fell to only 8%). It is obvious that the citizens of Montenegro are more familiar with details related to foster care – significantly higher percentage of them know that foster care is temporary care of the child (from 81% to 88%), and that foster parent can be a complete stranger to the child (from 57% to 79%). In compliance with this, higher percentage of the citizens are also familiar with rights and obligations of biological parents whose children are placed in foster family, that is, with the fact that biological parents have the right and obligation to maintain personal relations with the child (from 49% to 62%). The key distinctive characteristic of foster care in comparison with adoption is temporary character, which is mentioned by 50% of the citizens, in comparison with 43% in the last wave. Percentage of uninformed citizens is considerably lower (15% in comparison with 28% in the last survey wave). 21

Awareness of forms of protecting children without parental care Similar to results of the last wave, more than three fourths of the citizens (79%) correctly think that all children without parental care can be adopted or accommodated in foster family, regardless of their personal characteristics, while significantly higher percentage of the citizens (90% against 86%), correctly perceive centre for social work as the competent institution for dealing with fostering process. The highest percentage of the citizens agree that the best solution is if the closest relatives take care about such child (80%). Nevertheless, the share of the citizens who believe that placing children without parental care in institution of social and child protection is a good solution has decreased (from 8% to 2%). In compliance with this finding is also the fact that higher percentage of the citizens disagree that accommodating children in institutions is an adequate form of protection (in previous wave 37% expressed their disagreement, and in this wave 44% do the same). Around two thirds of the citizens (62%) share the opinion that a child growing up in an institution does not stand the same chances for growth and development as the child growing up in the family. When comparing the adequacy of placing a child in an institution with placing him/her in foster family, great majority of the citizens realize the advantages of foster care (83%). 22

23 Foster care in Montenegro 3

Obstacles to foster care 24 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population. In your opinion what are the most important obstacles due to which bigger number of families in Montenegro are not involved in Foster care? External factors Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

The efforts of the state to stimulate foster care * 25 Base: Total target population. Observed in general, how would you evaluate efforts of the state aimed at stimulating foster care? *2012 question referred both to adoption and fostering Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Stimulation of the foster care by the state * 26 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population. Should the state stimulate or reward foster care and adoption of children in any other way? If yes, how? *2012 question referred both to adoption and fostering Open ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Support to foster parents by society 27 Base: Total target population People have different opinion about the persons who took a child in (family) foster care. While some of them think that our society doesn’t help these people – foster parents as much as they deserve, others think that this is their personal act, and that society has no obligation whatsoever or reason to help them. Which of these two opinions is closer to your own?

Foster care in Montenegro For majority of Montenegrin citizens (85%) – poor financial situation is the key obstacle to fostering. Except poor financial situation, other perceived obstacles which are also mentioned in significant percentage are: lack of housing conditions, being uninformed, insufficient support by society and state, as well as absence of need for fostering a child because of having own, biological children. Significantly lower percentage of the citizens mention insufficient support from society and state as an obstacle to fostering (27% against 36% in the last wave). In compliance with this, there is a visible decrease in percentage of the citizens who claim that the state doesn’t do anything to support fostering (from 34% to 22%). In comparison with the previous wave, this wave shows that percentage of the citizens who do not know how the state should support fostering fell by 3,5 times. At the same time, percentage of those who recognize financial and material help as a stimulus to foster parents has increased significantly. Besides that, prevailing public opinion is that our society does not help foster parents as much as they deserve. 28

29 Attitudes towards foster care 4

30 Attitudes towards foster care* - I agree (3+4) Base: total target population To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Please use the scale from 1 to 4, where 1 means you don’t agree at all, and 4 means you completely agree... *2012 question referred both to adoption and fostering Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

31 Attitudes towards foster care* – I don’t agree (1+2) Base: total target population To what extent do you agree with each of the following statements? Please use the scale from 1 to 4, where 1 means you don’t agree at all, and 4 means you completely agree... *2012 question referred both to adoption and fostering Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Attitudes towards foster care Observed in general, the citizens of Montenegro express more positive attitudes towards fostering in comparison with the last year’s wave. For example, significantly higher percentage of the citizens are aware of the importance of child upbringing, although they do not deny the importance of genes (from 86% to 92%). Besides that, considerably higher percentage of population claim that foster family can help the child develop into a healthy person, even if the child was heavily traumatized in its childhood (from 85% to 93%). Nevertheless, despite significant positive changes, it seems that some attitudes are deeply rooted, like the one that children who are abandoned by their parents can not get rid of their traumas (79%), that even the best foster family can't completely replace biological family (74%), and that ideal fostering is the one which results in return of the child to his or her biological family (67%). 32

33 Experience and interest in foster care 5

Helping children without parental care 34 Base: Total target population. Have you ever been in a situation to help, directly or indirectly, a child without parental care (options: financially, with food/ clothes, conversation...)? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Actual interest in foster care 35 Base: Total target population. How interested would you be in being a foster parent to a child without parents or without adequate parental care at this moment? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Interest in the foster care in the future 36 Base: Those who are not currently interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (92% of target population). At some moment in your life (near or distant future), how interested would you be in being a foster parent to a child without parents or without adequate parental care?

Motives for foster care 37 Multiple responses; Base: Those who are interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (23% of target population). What motivates you most to be a foster parent? Open ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Acceptability of care of children without parental care with different characteristics – acceptable 38 Open ended Base: Those who are interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (23% of target population) If you decided to be a foster parent, do you think you would be able to take care of...? Please use the scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means Not likely at all, and 5 means Very likely Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Acceptability of care of children without parental care with different characteristics – not acceptable 39 Base: Those who are interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (23% of target population) If you decided to be a foster parent, do you think you would be able to take care of...? Please use the scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means Not likely at all, and 5 means Very likely Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Different influences on the decision about foster care– would influence 40 Base: Those who are interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (23% of target population) If you decided to be a foster parent, to what extent would each of the following items influence your decision? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Different influences on the decision about foster care– wouldn’t influence 41 Base: Those who are interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (23% of target population) If you decided to be a foster parent, to what extent would each of the following items influence your decision? Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

The main reasons why citizens wouldn’t be foster parents to a child 42 Multiple responses; Base: Those who are not interested in being a foster to a child without parents or parental care (92% of target population) What are the main reasons why you would not take a child for foster care? Open-ended Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Reaction of the surrounding to foster care 43 Base: Total target population. How would the people around you react if someone from your surrounding take a child into a foster care?

Knowing someone who provided foster home (foster care) to a child* 44 Base: Total target population. Do you know anyone who provided foster home (foster care) to a child? *the 2012 question referred to foster care and adoption Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Experience and interest in foster care When it comes to helping children without parental care, citizens are a lot more engaged in providing financial assistance (from 20% to 32%) food and clothes (from 37% to 48%), and also providing support through conversation (from 25% to 34%). More extensive knowledge of citizens is accompanied by their increased interest in foster care: so there is lower percentage of those claiming not to be interested in being foster parents, while there is higher percentage of the interested. Wish to help (55%), as well as love towards children (25%) usually motivate the interested citizens to be foster parents. Citizens of Montenegro are more open towards providing foster care to different kinds of children without parental care – so significantly larger number of citizens find acceptable to be foster parents of children who belong to different vulnerable groups. However, accepting to take care of children with different characteristics, such as children with behavioral disorders, with physical or mental disabilities, as well as with chronic diseases, is at low level, without significant change. 45

Experience and interest in foster care Family support is mentioned as the most relevant factor for the decision on foster care and its relevance is perceived by even more citizens than last year (79% and 68%, respectively). Besides family, also relevant here is Center for Social Work (60%), but also medical history of child’s biological parents (51%). It is important to say that there is reduced number of citizens who find duration of the foster care establishing process (last year 45%, now only 27%), as well as attitude of the surroundings important and influential (from 23% to 12%). As for citizens interested in foster care in the future, they are a lot more likely to say that duration of the foster care establishing process would not influence their decision on foster care, relative to general population. Most citizens wouldn’t take a child for foster care due to poor financial situation (42%). In addition, other obstacles are age, health (18%), as well as the fact that they have their own children (15%). Significantly higher percentage of citizens claim to know someone who took a child for family accommodation (26% and 14%, respectively). Among the citizens interested in foster care, either now or in the future, there is significantly higher percentage of those who say that they know someone who accepted a child for foster care accommodation. However, this result should be considered with caution, since it might be a result of media campaign, or the fact that citizens don’t distinct their private from media environment. 46

47 Communication channels 6

Information on foster care* 48 Base: Total target population. To what extent is information about foster care available to citizens? *the 2012 question referred to foster care and adoption Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

Sources of information about foster care* 49 Multiple responses; Base: Total target population If you needed more information on this topic, where would you look for it? *the 2012 question referred to foster care and adoption Statistically significant difference on the level of 0.05 relative to previous wave

50 Effects of the campaign 7

Awareness of the campaign and initiators 51 Have you noticed any campaigns on foster care in the recent months, either on TV, radio, in newspapers, through promotion of celebrities or interviews? Base: those who have noticed the campaign on foster care (51% of total population). Do you know who initiated this campaign? Base: Total target population Have you noticed any campaigns on foster care in the recent months, either on TV, radio, in newspapers, through promotion of celebrities or interviews? Do you know who initiated this campaign? SPONTANEOUS

Awareness of the campaign and slogans-spontaneous 52 Unicef, Government of Montenegro and the Delegation of the European Union have initiated a campaign on foster care. Have you noticed this Unicef campaign? Base: those who have noticed the Unicef campaign (55% of target population) Can you remember the slogans from this campaign? Base: Total target population Unicef, Government of Montenegro and the Delegation of the European Union have initiated a campaign on foster care. Have you noticed this Unicef campaign? Can you remember the slogans from this campaign? SPONTANEOUS

AWARENESS OF SLOGANS - PROMPTED 53

TV campaign 54 Have you seen the TVC promoting foster care in Montenegro? In this TVC, children are visiting a museum, and one boy, upon closing of the museum, stays there and sleeps with dolls that symbolize mom and dad. Base: those who have seen the TVC promoting foster care in Montenegro (42% of total population) What is your general impression on this TVC? Rate on the scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means that the impression is very bad, and 5 that it is very good Base: Total target population Have you seen the TVC promoting foster care in Montenegro? In this TVC, children are visiting a museum, and one boy, upon closing of the museum, stays there and sleeps with dolls that symbolize mom and dad. What is your general impression on this TVC? Rate on the scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means that the impression is very bad, and 5 that it is very good

IMPRESSION ON THE TV COMMERCIAL 55 Base: those this TVC made good impression on (35% of target population) Why do you think so? What influenced you most to have positive impression on this TVC?

Visibility of the campaign - events 56 Did you know that the English actor Nicholas Lyndhurst, known as Rodney from the TV series Only Fools and Horses, visited Montenegro recently? Do you know the reason of his visit? Base: Total target population Did you know that the English actor Nicholas Lyndhurst, known as Rodney from the TV series Only Fools and Horses, visited Montenegro recently? Base: those who know that this English actor visited Montenegro (40% of total population. Multiple, spontaneous responses) Do you know the reason of his visit?

AWARENESS OF THE CAMPAIGN EVENTS AND IMPRESSION ON THEM 57 What is your general impression on this event..? Base: Total target population Base: those who have heard of this event Promotion of foster care in Podgorica, with Sergej Ćetković Promotion of foster care in Tivat and Kotor, with Rambo Amadeus Promotion of foster care in Nikšić, with Nina Žižić Open Days of Social Welfare Centers dedicated to foster care 4 = mainly good5 = very good Good

Which of these options do you consider best and most efficient for finding out something new about foster care in Montenegro, regardless of whether you wish to become foster parent at this moment or not? 58 Base: Total target population

How much did the recent Unicef campaign “Every child needs a family” draw your attention? 59 Base: those who have seen at least one segment of the campaign, 87% of total population

How did you like this campaign in general? 60 Base: those who have seen at least one segment of the campaign, 87% of total population

Have you found out anything from the campaign, something you never thought about or didn’t know, regarding foster care? 61 Base: those who have seen at least one segment of the campaign, 87% of total population

What is one, most important thing you found out in the campaign on foster care? 62 Base: those who found out something from the campaign on foster care (50% of total population) Open-ended

In general, to what extent do you think this Unicef campaign has influenced people around you to seriously consider the possibility of becoming foster parents one day? 63 Base: those who have seen at least one segment of the campaign, 87% of total population

Has this campaign influenced you to change your attitude towards foster care? 64 Base: those who have seen at least one segment of the campaign, 87% of total population

65 Visibility 87% of citizens of Montenegro have seen at least one segment of the Unicef campaign on foster care.

66 Most noticed part of the campaign Observed individually, the most noticed part of the campaign was the TV commercial, watched by 42% of general population. General impression on this TV commercial is positive for 82% of those who have seen it, while it is negative for only 3%. In addition, at least one billboard used in the campaign was noticed by 74% of citizens of Montenegro.

67 Impression The campaign on foster care has made positive impression on ¾ of citizens who had a chance to see at least one segment of the campaign, and only 4% of those who have noticed the campaign say that they do not like it

68 Influence 1/3 of those who have seen the campaign found out something new about foster care, and the campaign influenced change of attitudes of 1/6 of those who had seen at least one segment of the campaign.

Influence 69 Percentages relative to those who have noticed at least one segment of the campaign on foster care 17% 33% 75%

70 The campaign „Every child needs a family“ was noticed by 9 out of 10 citizens who live in central and southern part of Montenegro, while visibility is somewhat less extensive in the north – 8 out of 10 The campaign is noticed somewhat more by women than by men (women are also more likely to evaluate the campaign more positively), by more educated part of population than by those with only elementary school education, while the elderly, 65+, noticed the campaign the least The campaign has, more than average, influenced change of attitudes in the category of young people (18-29 years of age), as well as those who live in the south of the country.

71 Conclusions 8

72 Share of citizens who consider placing of children in social and child protection institutions is a good solution for children without parental care is reduced significantly, while now vast majority perceive placing in foster family a more adequate form of protection. Compared with the previous research wave, registered is substantially higher level of self- perceived knowledge, but also external indicators show that knowledge on foster care has expanded significantly, so foster care is a lot more likely to be recognized as a form of protection of children without parental care. In addition, the very attitudes towards foster care are a lot more positive compared with the period before the campaign „Every child needs a family“ GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: Although majority of citizens still think that the state is not doing enough on stimulating foster care, present is visible progress in perception of efforts of the state. 3 3 Citizens of Montenegro are more open towards providing foster care to children without parental care with different characteristics – so (at least declaratively) significantly larger number of citizens find acceptable to be foster parents of children who belong to different vulnerable groups. 4 4 Among the citizens interested in foster care, either now or in the future, there is significantly higher percentage of those who say that they know someone who accepted to foster a child. 5 5

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