 Crust – Rocky surface of the earth  Mantle – A thick layer of rock above the Outer core  Outer Core – Molten lava  Inner Core – Very hot metal that is dense and solid

 Physical Processes: forces which shape Earth’s land forms.  Internal (under the surface): Volcanoes, movement of the crust  External (above the surface): Weathering, Erosion

 Plate Tectonics: earth’s crust broken into moving plates  Continental Drift Theory: all continents were once a single land mass “Pangaea”  As plates move = earthquakes and volcanoes occur

 Volcanoes  Earthquakes  Islands  Mountains are created  Tsunamis

 Mechanical Weathering: physically breaks down large pieces of rock  Examples: water freezing inside rock, seeds and roots

 Chemical Weathering: changing rock’s chemical make-up  Examples: acid created by water + carbon dioxide or air pollution (acid rain)

 Moving water: cuts into rock/wears it away  Wind: carries soil away/deposits it elsewhere  Glaciers: carry dirt, rocks, and boulders – wears land away

What it does Examples MechanicalChemicalMoving water WindGlaciers WeatheringErosion