Electron Configuration What is it? A list of orbitals that contain electrons for an element. Ex. 1s22s22p63s1 What are the different ways: Orbital notation _______ 1s Complete configuration 1s22s22p63s1 Abbreviated configuration(noble gas configuration) [He] 2s2
S orbitals are spherical Lowest energy orbital
P orbitals are dumbell shaped
D orbitals
F orbitals (highest energy orbital level)
Rules of Electron Configuration 1. Afbau principle An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it. 2. Pauli exclusion principle No two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers. 3. Hund’s rule Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state.
Notations Orbital Notation- Electron Configuration Notation An unoccupied orbital is represented by ____ An orbital containing one electron is represented by ______ 1s An orbital containing two electrons is represented by _______ Electron Configuration Notation 1s2 2s2 2p6
Steps 1. determine the number of electrons to be “addressed”. 2. Look at the template or periodic table and “count” 3. You must fill “up” arrows in the orbitals before filling “down” arrows. 4. The order of filling is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p (these are lowest energy to highest)
Blocks on the periodic table Can you find a pattern
Electron configuration practice
Additional items Isoelectric Outer shell configuration Diamagnetic When these atoms lose or gain electrons, they would have the same number of electrons. Outer shell configuration Valence electrons orbitals and placement Diamagnetic When all of the electrons in orbitals are paired (up spin and down spin). If one is unpaired it is called paramagnetic)
Quantum Theory and Electron Configuration
Quantum model of the atom Quantum theory of an atom A theory that uses mathematical equations to describe wave properties of electrons and other small particles. Quantum Numbers These numbers completely describe orbitals.
Quantum numbers 4 sets of numbers house #, street, city, zip code area code, prefix, number, extension 1. Principal quantum number 2. Angular momentum quantum number 3. magnetic quantum number 4. spin quantum number
Principal Quantum Number Symbolized by n Indicates the energy level of the electron As n increases the electron’s energy and its distance from the nucleus increase. 1-7
Angular Momentum Quantum Number Symbolized by l Indicates the shape of the orbital in a specific energy level. l = n-1 For l=0, s orbital (spherical) For l=1, p orbital (dumbbell) For l=2, d orbital For l=3, f orbital
Magnetic Quantum Number Symbolized by m M numbers are whole, including 0 from –l to +l. Indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus. S has only 1 possible orientation P has 3 orientations D has 5 orientations F has 7 orientations
Spin Quantum Number Values are +1/2 and -1/2 Indicates direction of spin 2 electrons that are occupying the same orbital have to have opposite spins.