Please read this before using presentation This presentation is based on content presented at the Industry Forum on Reducing Approval Times: What is “Reasonably Practicable”?, held on 14 November It is made available for non-commercial use (e.g. toolbox meetings, safety discussions) subject to the condition that the PowerPoint file is not altered without permission from Resources Safety or Melanie Freeman For information about this presentation, please contact the author Melanie Freeman, For other information, please contact: or visit 1

How to consider the people and the systems Melanie Freeman Registered Psychologist Emergency Support Network Human safety and risk management 2

Human Safety and Risk Management: How to Consider the People and the Systems Melanie Freeman Registered Psychologist

Overview  Human Safety and Risk Management  Human Factors  Psycho-social Factors  Mental Health and Well-being  Safety Culture  A Model for Psycho-social Risk Management

Balance of Strategies  Safe Person versus Safe Place

4 Basic Models / Approaches to Risk Technical Origins in engineering and science Focus: physical risks Criterion: harm Economic Origins in mathematics, statistics and history Focus: market risks Criterion: utility (benefit) Cultural Origins in social structures of trust and blame Focus: risks socially and politically constructed Criterion: perceived risk (attitudes/beliefs) Psychometric Origins in human perception Focus: perceived risk Criterion: human behaviour, attitudes and cognitions

Psycho-social Factors What do we mean by “psycho-social hazards”?  Psychosocial – interactions among job content, work organization and management, and other environmental and organizational conditions that may interact with the employees’ competencies and needs (Cox, Griffiths and Randell, 2003)  Interactions that are ‘hazardous’ influence employee health through their perceptions and experience (ILO, 1986)

Psycho-social Factors  WHS Harmonisation Legislation  Important definitions in the draft legislation:  hazard means a situation or thing (including an intrinsic property of a thing) that has the potential to cause injury, illness or death of a person.  health means physical and psychological health.  Psychosocial hazards cover:  content of work  its context  our perceptions

Examples of Psycho-social Hazards  Job content  Workload and work pace  Work schedules  Control  Environment and equipment  Organisational culture and function  Interpersonal relationships at work  Role in the organisation  Career development  Home and work interface  Poor feedback, inadequate appraisal and communication processes  Performance visibility  Job insecurity, excessive work hours, bullying, managerial style (Cox, Griffiths and Randell, 2003)

Human Factors Attention and Vigilance Causal Attribution Human Error Interface Design Fatigue Shift work and Rosters

Mental Health and Well- being StressDepressionAnxiety Alcohol and Other Drugs Adjustmen t to FIFO/DIDO Work-Life Balance

Safety Culture and Climate Behaviour Values Beliefs Assumptions Norms “the way we do things around here”

NOPSEMA Safety Alert (#51) (March 2012)

A Model for Psycho- social Risk Management

A Framework for Psycho- social Risk Management (Leka, Cox and Zwetsloot, 2008; p. 8)

Risk Management  Strategies at each stage Prevention Proactive Strategies (Inoculation) Intervention Strategies for when things are impacting on people, teams and work Follow-up (Postvention) Ongoing Strategies for Support

A Start Point if you want to think about any of this more  Glendon, I., Clarke, S.G. and McKenna, E.F. (2006). Human safety and risk management. (2 nd Ed.). New York: Taylor and Francis.  9 th Managing Fatigue Conference  International researchers  March 2015 