Aim: How does HIV Impair the Immune System?  Do Now: Define the following terms. You may use your Health textbook if you need to: AIDS, Antibodies, Antigen, HIV, Pathogen, Opportunistic Infection  Test next Friday

Questions for Discussion  What does HIV stand for?  Human Immunodeficiency Virus  What does immune deficiency mean?  The immune system is impaired or compromised  What is the immune system?  A group of organs and cells that work together to protect a person from pathogens  If the immune system is deficient (or compromised) what happens?  The body has difficulty resisting disease and getting well from diseases

Activity  Actively read the handout taking notes in the margin and circling anything you do not understand  Be ready to answer questions in class

Defenses Non-Specific Defenses  First Line of Defense  Skin & mucous membranes  Lysozyme (enzyme that breaks down cell walls of bacteria; contained in sweat, tears, mucus, saliva)  Second Line of Defense  Inflammatory response  Phagocytes (WBCs)

The First Line of Defense: The Skin Bacteria enter the wound Capillary Phagocytes move into the area and engulf the bacteria and cell debris Wound Skin The Inflammatory Response

Specific Defenses: The Immune Response  Lymphocytes (WBCs)  B cells  T cells  Humoral Immunity  Antibodies (proteins) produced by B cells attack the pathogen  Cell-Mediated Immunity  Helper T cells (aka CD4 cells)  Cytotoxic (Killer) T cells

How does the body recognize a pathogen as foreign?  Antigens  Molecule on a pathogen that triggers an immune response  Recognized as “non-self”

Antibodies: Proteins produced by B cells in the humoral immune response Antibody Antigen- binding sites Antigen

Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is a “retrovirus.” Its genetic material is RNA. It can infect helper T cells and macrophages.

Opportunistic Diseases  Diseases that have the opportunity to cause serious illness or death  Pneumonia  Diarrhea  Wasting  Kaposi’s sarcoma  Recurrent yeast infections  Meningitis  Cervical Cancer  Dementia  Diminished T-Cell Count  Tuberculosis

Aim: How is HIV transmitted and how can we make healthy decisions about sex and abstinence?  Do Now: List three ways that people can become infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.  Test next week on the Nervous system, tobacco and alcohol

Ways that you can transmit AIDS  Blood  Semen  Preseminal Fluid  Vaginal Fluids  Breast Milk

Risk Behaviors  Engaging in risk behaviors makes you more susceptible to getting HIV  What are some risk behaviors?

Ways to protect yourself against HIV infection  Abstaining from sexual intercourse grantees 100% protection  Correct and consistent use of condoms will lessen the risk but does not offer 100% protection  Any type of oral contraception DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST HIV INFECTION

Questions for Discussion  To protect themselves why cant people just ask a sexual partner if he or she is infected?  If a partner has been tested and found to be negative, then is it safe to have sexual intercourse with him or her?  Do you think HIV testing should be mandatory for everyone? Clearly explain the reasons for your answer.

Making the right choice  Feeling pretty sure an activity is right for you  Not feeling apprehensive  Not feeling pressured into doing something you believe is wrong  Taking responsibility  Feeling okay about a parent/guardian knowing about the decision

Aim: How is abstinence from sexual intercourse both a health decision and a reflection of personal values?  Do Now: Write examples of three people you value and why you value them.

Question for Discussion  Why do people have sexual intercourse?

Why Do Many Teens Choose Abstinence? Personal/Ethical ValuesHealth Reasons

Activity  Create a plan for supporting the decision to resist sexual pressures.  You may share answers with the people sitting next to you but ultimately this is an independent topic  Place answers on a sheet of loose leaf paper. NEATLY  Hand in at the end of the class