Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

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Presentation transcript:

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Anabolic: stimulate muscle growth Androgenic: stimulate male sex characteristics

Androstane

Male Sex Hormones Before After Castration Castration It was deduced that a secretion of the testes was responsible for male sex characteristics

Testis Extract and Hormones from Urine Testis extract: High activity

Testosterone

Separation of Androgenic and Anabolic Effects Receptors for testosterone have the same affinity in the sex accessory organs as in skeletal muscle

Nandrolone

Metabolic Deactivation of Testosterone

17α-substituted Derivatives

17β- Esters

Structure Activity Relationship

Performance Enhancers 17α- alkyl and 17β- esters are not suitable for illegal use by athletes because of their prolonged life and ease of detection Prohormones are metabolized into active anabolics and occur naturally in the body Androstenedione DHEA

Side Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Both Sexes Men Women Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Testicular atrophy Clitoral enlargement Increased aggression impotence Beard growth Liver tumors, jaundice, peliosis hepatitis Enlarged prostrate Deepened voice baldness Breast enlargement Breast diminution

References 1. Kochakian, C. D. “History of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids.” Anabolic Steroid Abuse. 1990, 29-50. 2. Block, John H. Beale, John M. Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2004. 3. Kochakian, C. D. “The Effects of Male Hormone on the Protein and Energy Metabolism of Castrate Dogs.” Journal of Nutrition. 1935. 437-59. 4. Bowers, A. Edwards, J. “Steroids: Ring A Modified Hormone Analogs, Part 1.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 6. 1962. 5. Celotti, F. Cesi, P. “Anabolic Steroids: A review of their effects on the muscles, of their possible mechanisms of action and of their use in athletics.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 43(5). 1992. 469-77. 6. Krieg, M. “Characterization of the androgen receptors in the muscle of the rat.” Steroids 28. 1976. 261-74. 7. Counsell, R. E. Adelstein, G. W. “!9-Nor- and 19-Substituted 5a-Androst-2-ene Derivatives” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 1966. 685-9. 8. Delbeke, Frans T. “Prohormones and Sport.” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 83. 2003. 245-51.