MDA Chapters: 13: Dental Caries 14: Periodontal Disease Study Guide MDA Chapters: 13: Dental Caries 14: Periodontal Disease

What are the two groups of bacteria Mutans streptococci Lactobacilli What are these bacteria responsible for: Dental caries

What three factors must be present for a caries to develop? Dental caries is a disease caused by multiple factors. A chain, if you will: What three factors must be present for a caries to develop? Susceptible tooth Diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates Specific bateria

What is demineralization? Dissolving of the calcium and phosphate from the hydroxyapatite crystals in the enamel What is remineralization? Replacement of the minerals in a tooth

Carious lesions Can be slowed down by using fluoride Found in older patients are usually root caries Can be detected by Radiographs Dye indicators Laser caries detectors Visual site Most common chronic disease in children

Caries Assessments Help detect the number of MS (mutans streptococci) and LB (Lactobacilli bacteria) present The higher the count the more risk one has Gives us the patient’s risk of caries Helps in prevention planning for the dental staff

Saliva Acts as an important part in protecting against caries If the saliva function is reduced, then our teeth are at a higher risk for cavities The ways in which saliva helps protect Physical-water content is saliva Chemical-saliva contains calcium,phosphate/fluoride Antibacterial-substances within the saliva(immunoglobulin)

Rampant Caries Those that develop rapidly and can have multiple lesions throughout the mouth Causes Xerostomia Eating excessive amounts of sugar

Periodontium Periodontal disease Structures that surround, support and attach to the teeth Periodontal disease Infectious process that involves inflammation Leading cause of tooth loss in adults It is treatable

Conditions linked to Periodontal Disease Cardiovascular Greater risk in strokes and heart attacks Oral bacteria spread to blood stream Preterm low birth weight Those with PD have 7 times higher risk Respiratory Disease Bacteria colonize in the mouth and alter respiratory system leading to pneumonia Dental Plaque Calculus—tartar Can penetrate cementum on root surfaces

Conditions cont Must be removed by dentist or hygienist. Supragingival Clinical crown area, visable Yellow color Subgingival Root surfaces Dark green or black in color Must be removed by dentist or hygienist.

Types of Periodontal Disease Gingivitis Inflammation of the gingival tissue Easiest and most controllable Periodontitis tissues of the teeth Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth

Dental Plaque Soft mass of bacterial deposits Covers the tooth surfaces Not visible at first Builds up and appears white and sticky

Periodontitis Any age Mostly in adults Inflammation of supporting structures, loss of attachment Prevalence and severity increase with age Slight to early Early bone loss, attachment loss Moderate More advanced state, loss up to 4 mm (5-7 pockets) Severe or Advanced Further progression, severe destruction (7mm or greater)