Chapter 10: Lesson 2 Open Note Quiz Thursday Bring Nutrition Facts Label Friday

 Do Not Provide ENERGY, but perform a wide variety of body functions.  They do not have calories  VITAMINS- compounds found in food that help regulate many body functions  MINERALS- elements found in food that are used by the body  Deficiency- General Lack of something.

 Water Soluble- Dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream during digestion.  The body doesn’t store these vitamins; any unused amounts are removed by the kidneys ( urination)  Fat Soluble- Stored in FAT for later use.

 Benefits- Keeps eyes and skin healthy  Needed for growth and strong bones  Deficiency- Growth retardation, night blindness, dryness of the eye, DEATH

 Produces energy from carbs and helps the nervous system.  Deficiency- Poor memory and confusion, BeriBeri- lethargic and fatigue

 Prevents and treats migraine headaches, cataracts, arthritis. Also helps to maintain a proper metabolism.  Deficiency- Skin cracking in corners of mouth, bloodshot eyes, sensitivity to light and lesions of the skin.  Food- Milk, meat, whole grains, pasta

 Protein metabolism  Deficiency- nerve damage, convulsions, and anemia-condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.  Foods- Bananas, peas, whole grains, fish

 FOLIC ACID ( B Vitamin) - Needed for forming cells and helps prevent birth defects.  Deficiency- Diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, birth defects of the spinal cord.  Foods- Liver, orange juice, green vegetables.  Recommendation: 400 to 800 mcg or micrograms of folic acid every day

 When a woman has enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent major birth defects, including:  Spina bifida- when an unborn baby’s spinal column does not close to protect the spinal cord. As a result, the nerves that control leg movements and other functions do not work.  Anencephaly -when most or all of the brain does not develop. Babies with this problem die before or shortly after birth.

 Promotes healthy gums and teeth. Helps the healing of wounds and acts as an antioxidant.  Deficiency- Scurvy- gum bleeding.

 Absorption of Calcium and phosphorus in the intestine. Needed for strong bones and teeth.  Deficiency- Rickets- Skeletal deformities in children. Bone loss in adults.

 Protects cell membranes.  Deficiency- Anemia, loss of reflexes  Food- Vegetable oils, nuts, dark green

 Aids in Blood Clotting  Deficiency- Alzheimer’s disease and hemorrhages.  Foods- Spinach and Broccoli.

 Calcium- Forms bones and teeth, aids blood clotting. Reduces the risk of osteoporosis.  Phosphorus- Maintains healthy bones.  Magnesium- Maintains muscle and nerve functions, along with a regular heartbeat. Aids in Bone growth.  Iron- aids in energy use. Helps with red blood cells.