International Health and Safety at Work NEBOSH International Health and Safety at Work

IGC1 Foundations in Health and Safety Health and Safety Management Systems 1-Policy Health and Safety Management Systems 2- Organizing Health and Safety Management Systems 3- Planning Health and Safety Management Systems 4- Measuring, Audit and Review

IGC2 Work Place hazards and Risk Control Transport Hazards and Risk Control Musculoskeletal hazards and risk Control Work Equipment Hazards and Risk Control Electrical Safety Fire Safety Chemical and Biological Health hazards and risk control Physical and Psychological health hazards and risk control

Foundations in Health and Safety This Chapter Outline the Scope and nature of Occupational health and safety. Explain the Moral, Social and economic reasons for maintaining and promoting good standards of health and safety in the workplace. Explain the role of national governments and international bodies in formulating a framework for the regulation of health and safety.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety 1.1.1 Introduction Occupational health and safety is relevant to all branches of industry Business and commerce including information technology companies Hospitals Care homes Schools Universities Leisure facilities and offices.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety In Low hazard organization H&S may be supervised by a single competent Manager In High hazard manufacturing industry (e.g. plant) many different occupations ( electrical, mechanical, civil engineers, technicians, lawyers, teachers, doctors, nurses, may be needed to help the professional H&S practitioner to ensure satisfactory Health and safety standards within the organization.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Obstacles Pressure of production Performance targets Financial constraints Complexity of Organization Incentives Moral Legal Economic

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Corporate Responsibility Effects it have on Environment Human Rights World Poverty Health and Safety Corporate responsibility covers ways that organization manages their core business to add social, Environmental, Economic value in order to produce positive, sustainable impact on both society and business itself. Terms such as ‘Corporate social responsibility’’ ‘Socially responsible business’ and Corporate Citizenship refer to the same concept i.e. Corporate responsibility..

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety The mission of the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is to ensure that the risks for the H&S workers are properly controlled. It also Encourages organizations to Improve H&S management systems to reduce injuries and ill-Health Demonstrate the importance of health and safety issues at Board level. Report publicly on H&S issues within the organization, including their performance against their targets.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety The HSE believes that effective management of H&S is Vital to employee well being Enhance reputation and enhance businesses to achieve high performance teams. Financially beneficial to businesses. Economic Globalization made the need for Global H&S management while the ISO standard made it important to have a systematic models of occupational H&S management systems. Management science suggests that performance is better in any field if performance is measured and continuous improvement is sought in a organized fashion.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety ILO – International Labor Organization WHO- World Health Organization UN – United Nation Estimates that 270 million occupational accidents and 160 Million occupational diseases every year. The ILO estimates that 2 million people die each year as a result to occupational accidents and diseases.

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety

1.1 The Scope and nature of occupational health and safety Work Accidents and injuries relate to Work place violence Work place Skin cancer related to exposure to Hazardous substances. 1984 saw the worst chemical disaster by Killing 2500 people and over 200,000 injured in the space of few hours at Bhopal. The ILO believes that Safety Management system such as ILO-OSH-2001 provides a powerful sustainable safety and Health culture at organizations. International Health and Safety is important for workers who travel abroad for Work.

1.1.2 Basic Definitions Health: Protection of minds and bodies from risks, and materials, processes or procedures used at work place. Safety: The protection of people from Physical injuries. Welfare: The provision of facilities to maintain health and well-being of individuals at the workplace. ( Washing, sanitation, heating, lighting, rest rooms, easting..etc) Occupational or Work-related ill-Health: Illness or physical and mental disorders that are caused or triggered by workplace activities. This may be induced by the individual activity or by others activities. Time interval can be short or long ( Asthma attacks, or deafness or Cancer)

1.1.2 Basic Definitions Environmental Protection : The arrangements that affects the environment safety as well as others. 9 eg Water, air pollution, Soil..etc). Accident: Any Unplanned incident that result in an injury or ill health of people or damage or loss to property, plant materials or environment or a loss of a business opportunity. Near Miss: This is any incident that could have resulted in an accident. ( Approximately for every 10 near miss incidents in a work place a minor accident will occur.)

1.1.2 Basic Definitions Dangerous Occurrence: This is a ‘near miss’ that could have resulted in a serious injury or loss of life. E.g. collapse of a scaffold or crane, or failure of any passenger carrying equipment. Hazard at risk: A hazard is the potential for a substance, person, activity or process to cause harm. Example is chemical substance, electricity, ladder, A Risk: is a the likelihood of a substance , activity or process to cause harm and its resulting severity. A risk can be reduced and a Hazard can be eliminated or controlled by good management.

Hazard and Risk The two terms are often confused and activities such as construction are called high risk while its High Hazard. Hazard will continue to be high, risk will be controlled by controlling it. The level of risk still available after controls are being implemented is called Residual-Risk High Residual-risk is only available with poor health and safety management and inadequate control measures.