Apostolic Church Apostolic Fathers Church Councils Church History Ca. 30AD590 AD1517 AD Golden Age of Church Fathers Reformation & Counter Reformation Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism ? Ancient Church HistoryMedieval Church HistoryModern Church History The Pre-Reformers The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire The Crusades The Papacy in Decline FIRST 500SECOND 500THIRD 500

OSTRIGOTHS VISIGOTHS VANDELS

GREAT THEOLOGICAL DEBATES OF 4 TH & 5 TH CENTURIES DOCETISMdokeo“ to seem” SABALLIANISMGod is one person who acts differently Modalism / Monarchianism ARIUSJesus is similar to the Father but not at the same level TRINITARIAN DEBATE Council of Nicea325 homoousiossame substance as the Father

381Council of Constantinople If Jesus is a real person, and if He really is God, then how do the manhood and deity unite in the one person of Jesus of Nazareth? CHRISTOLOGICAL DEBATE Apollinaris of Laodicea …two perfect entities…perfect deity & perfect humanity…they cannot combine… “what was not assumed was not healed” Gregory of Nazianzus Council of Constantinople answered this heresy but it did not answer the question how

Alexandriaspiritual interpretation Antiochliteral interpretation

NESTORIUSBishop of Constantinople theotokos“bearer of God” anthropostokus“bearer of man” christostokos“bearer of Christ” CYRILBishop of Alexandria Council of Ephesus431

IRAC

EUTYCHESEutichianism “before the union of the two natures, I recognize two natures, but in the incarnation, after the union, there is only one nature” “the flesh of the Lord is not like ours” Church council at Ephesus, 449 Pope Leo I“Tome” Christology of Eutychianism is Christology of Monophsites advocates one nature

COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON 451 “Christ was one person in two perfect natures” “without confusion or conversion” “without division or separation” “hypostatic union”