SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 COSTA RICA.

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SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 COSTA RICA

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 PART 1 - HISTORY Kristin Grauer Lance Turner Chad Weinberg

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Quick Facts Area: 51,600 sq. km. Population: 3,674,490 (July 1999 est.) Pop. Growth Rate: 1.89% (1999 est.) GDP per Capita: $6,700 (1998 est.) Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Early History Pre-Columbian –Region of trade and cultural interchange between the predominant empires of North and South America –Indigenous Peoples: Chibcha: From Columbia region Chorotegas: Related to Aztecs and Mayans Relatively small civilizations compared to others –Lack of minerals and other valuable resources contributed to its underdevelopment

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Early History (cont’d) Developed complex social systems –Monetary system –Ritual calendar –Linguistics and writing skills Extensive use of gold in ornamentation

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History European Discovery 1502: First Spaniards arrive –Columbus, during his fourth voyage, names the region “Costa Rica” because of the great amount of gold worn by the Indians Early 1500’s: Several expeditions end in failure from disease and battles with Indians –1506: Diego de Nicuesa –1522: Gil González Dávila

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History European Discovery (cont’d) 1562: Colonization –Jungle harsh, many setbacks from diseases –Juan Vásquez de Coronado founds Cartago –Different than in other Spanish colonies Colonization –Small number of Indians to exploit –Treasure turned out to be scarce –Mestizo culture did not form as strongly as in other colonies

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Colonial Period Costa Rica effectively forgotten for many years 1717: Second colony (Heredia) founded 1737: San Jose founded 50,000 inhabitants by 1800 Wheat and tobacco among first products to be exported to Spain and other countries Cacao plantations emerge as well as cattle ranching

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Independence The Mexican Empire The United Provinces of Central America Costa Rican: An Independent Nation

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Fransisco Morazán Regime Former President of the UPCA Seized Power of Costa Rica in 1842 Politically Despised Executed in San José

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Economic Expansion of 1840s New Trade Routes Pacific Ocean British Investment New Infrastructure

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Conflict Over Guanacaste Seceded from Nicaragua in 1825 Joined Costa Rica Not-so Isolationist Treaty of 1896

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History General Tomás Guardia Dictator Economic Expansion Minor C. Keith & the United Fruit Company Secularization

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Democracy & Dictators José Joaquín Rodríguez Aldredo González Flores General Federico Tinoco Granados Otilio Ulate José Figueres Daniel Oduber Rodrigo Carazo Odio

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History Foreign Policy Disputes with Nicaragua Disputes with Panama WWII

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History “Revolution” of 1948 Elections & Candidates Annulment & Thereafter 1949 Constitution National Liberation Party

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History 1960s and 1970s Prosperity and Stability Indigenous Bill (1977) Regional Conflicts

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History 1980s: Storm in the Isthmus Economic Crisis & Staggering Debt Serious Political Conflicts -US & Nicaragua -Bombing The Arias Peace Plan -Sanchez & the Nobel Prize for Peace

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History 1990s Rafael Calderón Fournier Earthquake Refugees Labour Relations Elections of 1994 Mid to Late 1990s

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History The Future of Costa Rica Economy External Debt Taxation, Inflation Welfare State Tourism Population Growth

SPP Costa Rica Development Program, Spring 2000 Part 1 - History For More Information: Costa Rica History: CIA World Factbook: State Department: Costa Rican Times (in Spanish):