HIV / AIDS Sample Presentation 2014

What is HIV HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of the host (defense mechanism of a person) – Preventable, managable but not curable. – HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

What is AIDS AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection due to markedly reduced helper T cells. Patients have a very weak immune system Patients predisposed to multiple opportunistic infections leading to death.

Stage 1 Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection Mild symptoms Infected person can infect other people

Stage 2 Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

Stage 3 The immune system deteriorates Opportunistic infections and cancers start to appear.

Stage 4 The immune system weakens too much as CD4 cells decrease in number.

Symptom Questions : What are common symptoms? Are symptoms physically noticeable?

Symptoms of HIV infection and AIDS - Breathing problems - Mouth problems Thrush (white spots) Sores Change in taste Dryness Trouble swallowing or loose teeth - Fever (more than 2 days)

Symptoms of HIV infection and AIDS Continue - Weight loss - Change in Vision or appearance of floaters (moving lines or spots in one’s vision) - Diarrhea - Skin rashes or itching

Most Prevalent Symptom: Depression Physical symptoms Cognitive symptoms

Dimensions of Symptoms - Psychological - Physical/Somatic - Environmental/Situational

Patient Zero - Gaétan Dugas February 20, 1953 – March 30, Referred as “Patient 0” by Dr. William Darrow of the CDC - Gay culture views in his time - Viewed as a Criminal and Hero - He claimed to have had over 2,500 sexual partners across North America since becoming sexually active in 1972

What Type of job would give him access to countless sex encounters around the country? Flight attendant

- This rumor may have started with Randy Shilts' 1987 book And The Band Played On. - He was called "Patient Zero" because at least 40 of the 248 people known to be infected by AIDS in 1983 had had sexual intercourse with him, or with someone who had sexual intercourse with him. - The American Journal of Medicine linked 40 AIDS patients by sexual contact. Dugas was the first to experience AIDS symptoms - His attitude? Did he stop?

The Condom: Men vs. Women Stanford Study 1:4 students has an STD No Symptoms are experienced by 80% 87% of men use condoms 60% of women use a condom 70% of men carry condoms 60% of women will have unprotected sex

Have A Serious Conversation Reduce the Risk -> Get Tested -> Talk Openly and Honestly When unsafe, foreplay is the fun way... Either way its just amazing Its Free, and FAST!!! NO BUTTS

HIV Treatment and Preventatives: Now and the Future

HIV Vaccines Would cure HIV in infected persons and make people immune to who do not have it Currently there is no effective HIV Vaccines The RV 144 trial in Thailand showed that it is potentially possible to create a vaccine to defend against HIV even though the test as a whole failed.

Tenofovir Currently used in conjunction with other drugs to slow the progress of the disease. Its also being looked into being used as a microbicide to potentially prevent the spread of HIV. While not a high number, clinical trials have shown that it is 39% effective in preventing the spread of HIV during sex.

Stem Cell Transplants Due to the fact that some people carry a genetic mutation that allows them to resist HIV infection, Stem Cell Transplants could be a potential option. “Berlin Patient”

Unmasking HIV “reservoirs” Due to the nature of HIV, this potential treatment brings the HIV to the surface of the immune cells. This could allow the body’s own immune system to attack the HIV and kill the virus. The process is currently ongoing clinical trials in Denmark

Gene Therapy One of the newest potential ways to allow us to fight HIV Can work in 2 ways Modifies the receptor cell so there there is no way for HIV to enter the cells Modify the cells to have anti-HIV genes Still in very early stages with no clinical testing happening.

QUIZ TIME!

What was the name of the “Berlin Patient” ? Timothy Ray Brown

What would be the purpose of an HIV Vaccine? To cure a person infected with HIV and to make and uninfected person immune.

What is the major drawback of the HIV reservoir treatment? It can only work as well as the persons immune system can.

Atkins, J. H., Rubenstein, S. L., Sota, T. L., Rueda, S., Fenta, H., Bacon, J., & Rourke, S. B. (2010). Impact of social support on cognitive symptom burden in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 22(7), doi: / Herek, G. M., Saha, S., & Burack, J. (2013). Stigma and psychological distress in people with HIV/AIDS. Basic And Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), doi: / Reis, R. K., Haas, V. J., dos Santos, C. B., Teles, S. A., Galvão, M. G., & Gil, E. (2011). Symptoms of depression and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem, 19(4), doi: /S Siegel, K., Lekas, H., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Brown-Bradley, C. J. (2011). Strategies adopted by late middle- age and older adults with HIV/AIDS to explain their physical symptoms. Psychology & Health, 26(Suppl 1), doi: / Kuiken, C; Thakallapalli R, Esklid A, de Ronde A ( ). "Genetic analysis reveals epidemiologic patterns in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus". American Journal of Epidemiology 152 (9): 814– 22doi /aje/ References