Greece Italy Spain

Economics Greece – Tourism = 15% GDP – Agricultural products – Manufactured goods

Economics Italy – High quality textiles – Motor vehicles – Chemicals – Fruit and vegetables

Economy Spain – Agricultur products – Chemicals – Fish – Pharmaceuticals – Machine tools

Politics President Member of Parliament Greek people The president is elected by the members of parliaments for 5 years Members of parliament are elected by Greek people for 4 years

Politics President Italian people Prime minister Ministers

Politics KingPresident National Assembly

Culture Mediterranean cluster Hispanic cluster Latin cluster Near eastern cluster Secular States (lots of Catholics in Italy & Spain and Orthodox in Greece)

Labour market trends Self-employment Casual and seasonal employment High unemployment among young and unskilled people Rising population of older workers Rising number of immigrant workers

Labour market trends Working age – Greece: 15 years old, 40h private service, 37.5h public service – Italy: 15 years old, 40h – Spain: 16 years old (18 years overtime)

Labour market trends CountryAgricultureIndustryServices Greece Italy Spain Source: CIA World Factbook, 2010 Workorce distribution by occupation in 2006 (%)

Labour market trends Labour market highly regulated Strict laws But * Participation of women is still low

Labour market trends Rising unemployment Greece: * decline of the agriculture sector * drastic limitation of recruitment in the public sector

Labour market trends Rising unemployment Spain : 11%  %  %  2010

Temporary employment Strong presence of temporary jobs (in summer) About 49% of Greek in this situation Find the best worker

Flexible working pratices Part time underdeveloped Why ? strong presence of small and medium business They prefer to recruit sommeone with temporary employment

Ownership and management practice Most companies are small or medium Family business and so unchanged Don’t have HR department

Managing human resources Studies Of hrm in european countries have shown that the role of Human ressource managers. We can notice that greece is less organize about the HRM than the two others

Recruitment and selection Recruitment Headhunting newspaper,adsvertisment They use employment agencies for tempory employees.

Graduate recruitment 3 countries require qualities depending on the company recruitment may be done by agencies or newspapers through diploma

Selection Individual interviews are the most commun form of selection in all three countries In spain the short listed candidates are normally asked to complete a standard questionnaire before the interview In greece the interview may be just a formality when the canddate is recommended or introduced through word of mouth by a relative or a friend In italy interviews are replaced by tests and axaminations.

Training and development Education greece involves 6 years of primary and 3 years of lower cycle secondary education. Successful completion of the compulsory education leads to the award of a diploma called apolyterio. A large number of young people study for higher degree outside greece in countrie such as UK people study fir higher degree outside greece.

Education In italy shcool education starts at the age of 6 The first 5 years are for primary education and the following 3 years are for the first stage secondary shcool Now the education is reformed.

Education In spain the shcool is free until the age of 15 After 6 years of primary education,pupils follow 4 years of secondary Obtain the BUP or FP, enter university

Vocational training Vocational trainaing in the three countries is still limited 3 types of training introduced: 1°regulated training at shcools 2°occupational training 3° continuing training

Vocational training In greece vocational training in the form of apprenticeship. Specific job by working with the master

Reward and remunaration The minimum wage In spain from 495 to 738 Euros In greece it increased from 542 euros per month In italy there is no minimum wage

Perfomance appraisal and performance- related pay greece gives more importance the results rather than formal appraisal of perfomance In Italy perfomance appraisal is also not not readily accepted

Employee relations Trade unions In greece they are divided into primary level Secondary level and tertiary level organiazations.

Trade union In italy different type of trade unions have emerged at different times. Japonese model.

Trade Union In spain trade union were formed over the first quarter of the twentieth century. They became organized mainly on industrual occupational or geophical lines.

Trade union membership and density

Collective bargaining Collective bargaining in italy takes place at the national regional industry and organizational levels. the bargaining process may coincide with a strike.

Collective bargaining In Spain Collective bargaining over salary increases employment condition The Spanish Lesgislator requires all firm with 50 are one employees to form wrkers committees.