Necessary to write an essay REVIEW What is a paragraph? Necessary to write an essay

A paragraph is a group of sentences that supports, examines, outlines, explores, defends, analyzes, describes, develops, etc. only ONE idea.

PAIR WORK:   TASK Write a paragraph expressing your opinion about the influence of TV upon families.

Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television also brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. In a nut shell, watching TV can be beneficial for families under the right circumstances.

Discussion: Look at the paragraph now and identify its different parts.

Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. In a nut shell, watching TV can be beneficial for families under the right circumstances.

What do you want to say about the topic? TOPIC SENTENCE Topic: Introduces the general theme. What subject are you going to write about? Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television also brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. in a nut shell, watching TV can be a good thing for families under the right circumstances. Controlling idea: Limits the topic. What do you want to say about the topic? Controlling idea: Generates a question Wh…?

Answer the question generated by the controlling idea. SUPPORTING SENTENCES Further development. Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television also brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. in a nut shell, watching TV can be beneficial for families under the right circumstances.

CONCLUDING SENTENCE In an essay: Linking sentence Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television also brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. In a nut shell, watching TV can be beneficial for families under the right circumstances. In an essay: It often links the current paragraph to the following one. It may anticipate the topic sentence of the next paragraph. Summarizes or restates the main idea as expressed in the topic sentence.

TRANSITION WORDS Make the flow of ideas smooth and easy to read. Although some parents don’t allow their children to watch television, I believe that television can be good for families. First of all, television is inexpensive entertainment for families with young children. On a rainy afternoon, if it is too expensive to take the whole family to the movie theater, the family can sit in their living room with bowls of homemade popcorn and watch a movie on television. In the same way, television can be a good teacher. For example, small children can learn many things, such as the alphabet and numbers on children’s programs. In addition, nature programs teach them about earth and how to care for it. Parents can also use television dramas as a way to start conversations with their children about important subjects. Finally, television lets children see a bigger picture of the world than their own small neighborhood. Some families cannot travel all over the globe, so the news shows them views of other people and places. Television also brings other cultures into homes through special cultural programs. In a nut shell, watching TV can be beneficial for families under the right circumstances.

ACTIVITY 1 Read the topic sentences carefully. Circle the topic and underline the controlling idea.

ACTIVITY 2 Read the supporting sentences and choose the best topic sentence. 1.) ____________________________________________. North Americans send cards for many occasions. They send cards to family and friends on birthdays and holidays. They also send thank-you cards, get well cards, graduation cards, and congratulation cards. It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through the mail, but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular. a) Sending cards is very popular in North America. b) Birthday cards are the most popular kind of card. c) It is important to send thank-you cards.

2. ) __________________________________________ 2.) __________________________________________ . I enjoy summer sports like water skiing and baseball. The weather is usually sunny and hot, so I can go to the beach almost every day. Gardening is my hobby and I spend many summer days working in my garden. Unfortunately, the days pass too quickly in summer. a) I like to garden in summer. b) Summer is my favorite season. c) Summer is to short. 3.) ________________________________________ . First of all, we need money to repair old roads and build new roads. We also need more money to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection. Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city. It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon. a) We should raise city taxes. b) City taxes are too high. c) City taxes pay for new roads.

a) Airplanes have changed our lives. 4.) _________________________________________ . For example, a person can have breakfast in New York, board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris. A businesswoman in London can instantly place an order with a factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax. Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball game being played in Los Angeles. a) Airplanes have changed our lives. b) Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller. c) The fax machine was an important invention. 5.) ___________________________________________ . One thing you must consider is the quality of the university’s educational program. You also need to think about the school’s size and location. Finally, you must be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford to go to school there. a) It is expensive to attend a university in the United States. b) You should consider getting a good education. c) There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend.

Session 3 goal Students will be able to recall how to write an opinion essay, identifying and discussing its main parts.

So this is a paragraph

Now What is an essay? Share with your ideas with your partner.

This is an essay

An essay is a group of paragraphs that supports, examines, outlines, explores, defends, analyzes, describes, develops, etc. only ONE idea. A paragraph should be centered on only one idea, and it is generally much shorter than an essay, which usually consists of many paragraphs. In an essay, you could explore many ideas while talking about one general topic.

What is the difference between a paragraph and an essay? A matter of size Something helpful to note: any good piece of writing should be able to be understood by simply reading the opening and closing sentences/paragraphs.

Writing an ECCE opinion essay

Prompt: Task B: Task B: ESSAY Newspaper article: Information not to be taken into account for the essay. LA INDUSTRIA INTERNATIONAL People concerned with violence in the city. Following meetings with members of the Town Council, the Mayor has announced that he has in mind to start an aggressive plan in order to deal with the sky rocketing number of crimes in the area. This would imply reducing certain individual rights in order to stop this massive wave of violence, like setting curfews for example. Local residents are divided on this issue. Many believe it to be an excellent idea as it will finally put an end to a situation that is stifling the citizens. Others are concerned about the unpleasant consequences that may arise from such measures. The editor would like to know more about readers’ views on this proposal. Task A: Not to be taken into account Task A: LETTER You have read this article in your local newspaper. Write a letter to the editor of the city times expressing your opinion on the issue. Do you agree with the Mayor’s proposal? What effects do you think this plan to reduce violence in your area will have? Start your letter: “Dear editor,” Task B: ESSAY Due to the recent economic growth of the region, Trujillo is now receiving not only a great influx of visitors, but also a number of people who have decided to settle down in the area because they believe it is a great place to live and raise a family. What’s your opinion about Trujillo? Is it actually a good choice to bring up a family? Write an essay expressing your opinion. Task B: Asks the student to express an opinion on a general issue. Not necessarily related to the article.

Do you like living in the city? What aspects do you (not) like about Trujillo? Ask the audience

Writing a paragraph Write a paragraph expressing your opinion about the city where you live.

Controlling idea: Why? Even though Trujillo has a lot of things to offer, in my opinion, it is one of the least desirable places to live. First of all, it has a chaotic traffic. This negative situation makes people waste a lot of time, especially at rush hour where you can be trapped for more than half an hour. Another problem affecting this city is the increasing rate of crime. People feel really insecure with the many crimes happening everyday. If these problems are not solved, they will affect people’s economy, development and stability.

AN ESSAY A PARAGRAPH

Controlling idea: Why? Everyone is always talking about the fantastic things Trujillo has to offer. Many tourists praise the wonderful tourist sites like Chan-Chan or the well-known Huanchaco beach for example. But, actually, I think that Trujillo is one of the least desirable places to grow up. I consider this to be true not only because of the intense and heavy traffic, but also due to the rising rate of crime. Let’s take a deep look at this issue. Nowadays, one the most negative things Trujillo has is its chaotic traffic. Since Trujillo is a relatively small city, the excessive number of cars transforms its main streets into an endless and a stressing snake of smoke and loud noise. The obvious outcome we have to put up with is the incredible amount of time people waste. Sometimes, especially at rush hour, you can be stuck in traffic for up to forty five minutes. But unfortunately, that is not the most serious issue. The other problem affecting this city, probably the most dangerous one, is the rising rate of crime. Every day, newspapers display news about a murder, shooting, or assault. This situation is creating a sense of insecurity among people and is seriously damaging the city image. People are really concerned and do not know what to do to cope with and solve the problem. Even though Trujillo has once been considered one of the best cities in Peru, these two negative factors have made it one of the least desirable places to settle down. If they are not solved, they will end up damaging the city image even more, thus affecting people’s economy, development and stability.

Something helpful to note: any good piece of writing should be able to be understood by simply reading the opening and closing sentences/paragraphs.

Topic: INTRODUCTION OUTLINE Introduces the general theme. What subject are you going to write about? INTRODUCTION OUTLINE Controlling idea: Limits the topic. What do you want to say about the topic?

A & B INTRODUCTION MODEL Thesis Statement Two sentences introducing the topic INTRODUCTION MODEL Thesis Statement Everyone is always talking about the fantastic things Trujillo has to offer. Many tourists praise the wonderful tourist sites like Chan-Chan or the well-known Huanchaco beach for example. But, actually, I think that Trujillo is one of the least desirable places to grow up. I consider this to be true not only because of the intense and heavy traffic, but also due to the rising rate of crime. Let’s take a deep look at this issue. What is your opinion? What are the main ideas you will use to support your opinion: A & B What are the main ideas you will use to support your opinion: A & B Concluding (Linking) sentence

Introducing the topic (2 sentences) Background Example 1 Describing the past and present. Thirty years ago there were only a handful of cars in the dusty town of Abu Dhabi. Today, the streets are bumper-to-bumper with modern 4WD vehicles, luxury saloons, and taxis. Thesis Statement.

Give one side (+) and the other side (-) Introducing the topic (2 sentences) Background Example 2 Give one side (+) and the other side (-) Abu Dhabi is probably one of the most highly developed cities in the Arab world. However, its traffic congestion is a serious problem. Thesis Statement.

Describe the current situation Introducing the topic (2 sentences) Background Example 3 Describe the current situation Abu Dhabi is a modern city, but it faces a modern problem. Every morning and evening, the streets are crowded with cars, taxis and trucks. Thesis Statement.

BODY OUTLINE

BODY MODEL 1 Development of topic sentence Nowadays, one the most negative things Trujillo has is its chaotic traffic. Since Trujillo is a relatively small city, the excessive number of cars transforms its main streets into an endless and a stressing snake of smoke and loud noise. The obvious outcome we have to put up with is the incredible amount of time people waste. Sometimes, especially at rush hour, you can be stuck in traffic for up to forty five minutes. But unfortunately, that is not the most serious issue. The other problem affecting this city, probably the most dangerous one, is the rising rate of crime. Every day, newspapers display news about a murder, shooting, or assault. This situation is creating a sense of insecurity among people and is seriously damaging the city image. People are really concerned and do not know what to do to cope with and solve the problem. Take the first supporting key word & put it in a topic sentence (Concluding) Linking sentence Take the second supporting key word & put it in a topic sentence Concluding sentence

CONCLUSION OUTLINE It "wraps up" your essay

Conclusion: restate opinion and main points CONCLUSION MODEL Conclusion: restate opinion and main points Even though Trujillo has once been considered one of the best cities in Peru, these two negative factors have made it one of the least desirable places to settle down. If they are not solved, they will end up damaging the city image even more, thus affecting people’s economy, development and stability. Concluding sentence

Practice 1 Pair work: Choose one of the following conclusions. In pairs, write an introduction to match the conclusion chosen.

All in all, it is clear that the increase of tourism in our region will enhance the quality of life for all concerned both from a financial and cultural point of view. In short, we all know that there is a good number of people who continue reading books and newspapers . However, we can not deny that there is a future possibility that the Internet will replace printing reading materials because the former is not only easy to use but it is also inexpensive.

Practice 2

Write the paragraph of the essay your instructor asks you to. Group work Write the paragraph of the essay your instructor asks you to.

INTRODUCTION Because of the current economic situation people are facing nowadays, and because of the necessity they all have to make ends meet at the end of every month, not few of them have opted for working more, or working in two different places. As far as I am concerned, having two jobs can be dangerous not only for people’s health, but also for their relationships. Let’s take a deep look at this issue.