Adam Lee October 25, 2012 E2Tech/MC2 Forum on "Electric and Natural Gas Vehicles"

Electric Vehicles since the 1830’s! Thomas Edison and a Detroit Electric Car in 1913

Electric Vehicles since the 1830’s First developed in Scotland in the 1830’s By 1900 France and Britain supported widespread development and use 1897 saw fleet of electric NYC Taxis By 1912 Henry Ford’s mass production of internal combustion gas engines made more expensive electric versions undesirable

Interest in Viable Electric Vehicles Continued for Decades The 1961 Henney Kilowatt production model based on the Renault Dauphine

Vehicle Model year Type of powertrain powertrain Operating mode EPAEPA rated Combined fuel economy fuel economy EPAEPA rated City fuel economy fuel economy EPA rated Highway fuel economy fuel economy Cost to drive 25 miles Annual fuel cost Notes Honda Fit EV [58][59] 2013Electric carAll-electric 118 mpg-e (29 kW-hrs/100 miles) 132 mpg-e105 mpg-e$0.87$500See (1) Mitsubishi i [60] 2012Electric carAll-electric 112 mpg-e (30 kW-hrs/100 miles) 126 mpg-e (27 kW-hrs/100 miles) 99 mpg-e (34 kW-hrs/100 miles) $0.90$550See (1) Ford Focus Electric [61] 2012Electric carAll-electric 105 mpg-e (32 kW-hrs/100 miles) 110 mpg-e (31 kW-hrs/100 miles) 99 mpg-e (34 kW-hrs/100 miles) $0.96$600See (1) Nissan Leaf [62] 2012Electric carAll-electric 99 mpg-e (34 kW-hrs/100 miles) 106 mpg-e (32 kW-hrs/100 miles) 92 mpg-e (37 kW-hrs/100 miles) $1.02$600See (1) Tesla Model S [63] 2012Electric carAll-electric 89 mpg-e (38 kW-hrs/100 miles) 88 mpg-e (38 kW-hrs/100 miles) 90 mpg-e (37 kW-hrs/100 miles) $1.14$700 See (1) Model with 85kWh batterykWh Coda [64] 2012Electric carAll-electric 73 mpg-e (46 kW-hrs/100 miles) 77 mpg-e (44 kW-hrs/100 miles) 68 mpg-e (50 kW-hrs/100 miles) $1.38$850See (1) Chevrolet Volt [65] 2012Plug-in hybrid Electricity only 94 mpg-e (36 kW-hrs/100 miles) 95 mpg-e (36 kW-hrs/100 miles) 93 mpg-e (37 kW-hrs/100 miles) $1.08$650 See (1) Gasoline only37 mpg35 mpg40 mpg$2.72$1,650 EV & gasoline$1,000See (3) Toyota Prius [66] 2012Hybrid electric vehicle Gasoline-electric hybrid hybrid 50 mpg51 mpg48 mpg$1.88$1,150See (2) Scion iQ [67] L automatic gasoline-powered Gasoline only37 mpg36 mpg37 mpg$2.53$1,500See (2)

Nissan Leaf The Nissan LEAF is an all-electric hatchback that seats five adults Can travel about 100 miles on a single charge. Lithium-ion batteries and electric motor provide speeds to 90 mph Has no transmission and does not need to shift gears as it accelerates. Range: 100 miles/charge Base MSRP: $32,800 as shipped SV: 36,000 7,500 federal tax credit Base incentive amount: $2500.Plus: $417, plus "$417 for each kilowatt hour of capacity in excess of 5 kilowatt hours,... not to exceed $5000": $5000. Total: $7500. Availability: Now in select markets

Chevy Volt The Chevy Volt is a plug-in hybrid. Five-door, four-seat hatchback operates as an electric car for its first 35 or so miles after a full charge and then uses gas to extend its range. When battery is depleted, a 1.4-liter engine kicks in to power a generator that sustains the battery charge enough to give the car another 260 mile range. Range: 35 miles plus gas Base MSRP: $41,000 Availability: Now in select markets

Ford Focus Electric The EV is targeted to have a range of 100 miles between charges, Utilizes a 23 kWh battery pack. The powertrain, including the motor and gearbox, are packaged under the hood where you would expect to see a gasoline engine. Ford’s strategy is to make an electric car using an already successful platform reducing costs and providing potential for higher volumes in more markets. Range: 100 miles Base MSRP: TBD Availability: In select markets

Coda Electric Sedan Coda Automotive’s electric sedan is based on an existing gas-powered four-door car built in Harbin, China. Re-engineered with a 34 kWh lithium ion battery. Coda’s active thermal management means cooler batteries in the summer and warmer ones in the winter. Coda’s 6.6 kW charger is faster than other chargers—meaning one hour of charging will provide close to 20 miles of driving. It’s the only electric sedan with a trunk, versus a hatchback layout. Range: 120 miles/charge Base MSRP: $44,800 Availability: California only

Mitsubishi i The MiEV i uses a 16 kilowatt-hour lithium ion battery pack—less than half the size of the Coda and one-third smaller than the LEAF. Its 47-kilowatt motor provides 63 horsepower for a max speed of about 80 mph. Range: miles Base MSRP: TBD Availability: Late 2011; rollout starts in Calif., Ore., Wash. and Hawaii, followed by northeastern U.S., with national availability by the end of 2012.

Smart Electric Drive Two-seat Smart ED, a 30 kW electric motor powers the rear wheels. Recharge time from 30 to 80 percent capacity in 3.5 hours. The electric Smart is distributed to all markets where Smart sells cars. Range: miles Base MSRP: Only as $599 per month lease Availability: Now in select markets

Think City Specifically targeted for urban drivers. Think City is a small two-seater, making parking in tight spots in crowded cities much easier. The car’s plastic-panel body is scratch- and ding-resistant. Great visibility is provided by a large glass rear door. Maximum speed of 65 miles per hour. Range: 80 miles Base MSRP: $34,000 Availability: Mid-2011; sold only in California, New York City, Washington, DC and Indianapolis.

Toyota Prius Plug-In Our numbers 2012 through September 863 vehicles Hybrid sales: Prius family total: 206, 23 per month. Plug-in sales 17 over 7 months; July 5 August 5 September 2 YTD for the Region: (New England) 397 Plug-ins Total Prius including Plug-Ins: 7,856

Tesla

Estimated Range at 55 mph 160 miles 230 miles 300 miles 0 to 60 mph6.5 seconds5.9 seconds5.6 seconds4.4 seconds Quarter Mile TimeWinter 2012Fall seconds12.6 seconds Top Speed110 mph120 mph125 mph130 mph Peak Motor PowerWinter 2012Fall hp (270 kW) 6,000-9,500 rpm 416 hp (310 kW) 5,000-8,600 rpm Peak Motor TorqueWinter 2012Fall lb-ft (440 Nm) 0-5,800 rpm 443 lb-ft (600 Nm) 0-5,100 rpm Energy Storage40 kWh60 kWh85 kWh Battery Warranty8 years, 100,000 miles 8 years, 125,000 miles 8 years, unlimited miles SuperchargingNot AvailableOptionalIncluded Enters ProductionWinter 2012Fall 2012In Production 40 kWh 60 kWh 85 kWh 85 kWh performance Tesla

Lee Prius Plug-In TV Ad

Adam Lee October 25, 2012 E2Tech/MC2 Forum on "Electric and Natural Gas Vehicles"