Warm-up 9/2- What are two conclusions you can make based on the map below?

Intro and The Five Themes of Geography

Geography The study of distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth

Geographers use a variety of tools: Maps Photographs Charts Graphs and Tables Scale Models 5 Themes

Geographer’s Tools A globe- 3 dimensional representation of the earth A map- 2 dimensional representation of the earth

Geographer’s Tools Cartographer- a person who makes maps

Geographer’s Tools Surveyors use equipment such as GPS- Global Positioning System Landsat- a series of satellites orbiting more than 100 miles above the Earth – Used for mapping and other information gathering

Geographer’s Tools GIS- Global information system- a digital database that stores information – This information can be combined to visualize the use of space in different ways

Map Projection Map projection- reduces the distortion caused by showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat surface There are 3 types of cylindrical projections: 1.Mercator Projection 2.Homolosine Projection 3.Robinson Projection

Mercator Projection

Homolosine Projection

Robinson Projection

Three types of maps General reference Thematic Navigation

General Reference Natural and man-made features Physical (topographical) Political

Thematic Maps

Navigation Maps Used by pilots and sailors

Five Themes 1. Place 2. Location 3. Region 4. Movement 5. Human-Environment Interaction

Place: What is it like? Location: Where is it? – Absolute vs. relative location – Absolute location- the exact place on earth where something is located. – Relative location- Describes a place in comparison to other places around it.

Latitude and Longitude

Warm-up 9/3- Answer the questions on your warm-up paper based on the image below.

Warm-up 9/3 1.What landmark is this? 1.Golden Gate Bridge 2.Where is it located? 1.San Francisco, California 3.Which culture created it? 1.American 4.Why/when was this landmark created? it was built to connect San Francisco to Marin County, the bridge created a more practical and accessible route. 5.What defining characteristics stand out to you?

Use a world map to determine the hemisphere in which each place is located. Write North or South. 1.United States 2.Papua New Guinea 3.Rio de Janeiro 4.Russia 5.Mediterranean Sea 6.Madagascar

Use a world map to determine the hemisphere in which each place is located. Write East or West. 1.Mongolia 2.Marianas Islands 3.Puerto Rico 4.Iraq 5.Chile 6.Australia

Activity: Absolute vs. Relative Location (yellow paper)

Region: How are places similar or different? Three types of regions- – Formal- defined by climate, vegetation, culture, continental area, land use, etc – Formal regions have a limited number of related characteristics

Region Three types of regions- – Functional- defined by interactions and connections between places – Perceptual- defined by what people perceive or “see” as characteristic of the region

Movement How do people, goods, ideas migrate from one location to another?

Human-Environment Interaction How do people relate to the physical world? – Animals – Houses – Clothes – Crops – Food – Jobs – Transportation

Homework Chapter 3, section 1. Questions 1-4 at the end of the section.

Warm-up 9/4-List ways in which people in our area interact with the physical world How do we change the world to fit our needs? How do we adapt to fit the environment? How does the environment affect our jobs or activities?

Warm-up 9/5 pTLk&list=PLBc1tAzWvLO1QDHwMnbY7LK9pe AP7Xfbe pTLk&list=PLBc1tAzWvLO1QDHwMnbY7LK9pe AP7Xfbe As you watch the clip write down 7 things you see/hear.

Earth-Sun Relationships

Earth’s position in the solar system

Earth’s Tilt Tilt: the angle of incline of the Earth’s axis affects the temperature of a place. Revolution: the Earth’s trip around the sun (one year) Rotation: the Earth completely rotates on its axis every 24 hours. (alternating between night and day)

Earth’s Tilt Direct rays: When a hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the direct rays of the sun or angle of incidence is higher and it is summer in that hemisphere. Indirect rays: When a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, the direct rays of the sun or angle of incidence is lower and it is winter in that hemisphere.

5 Major Circles of Latitude

Earth’s Tilt Equinox: when the Sun’s rays fall directly on the equator, day and night time hours are almost equal (Spring and Fall) Solstice: One of two days (June 21 and December 22) on which the Sun’s rays strike directly on the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn, marking the beginning of summer and winter.

Weather vs. Climate Weather – Conditions of the atmosphere in one place during a limited time. Climate – Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time.