Florian Bacher & Christophe Sourisse [ ] Seminar in Interactive Systems

 Introduction  Methodology  Experiment Description  Implementation  Results  Conclusion

 Smart homes have become a major field of research in information and communication technologies.  Possible way of interaction: Voice commands.  Goal of our experiment: evaluate the possibility of recognizing voice commands initiated by hand claps in a noisy environment.  Gather a set of voice commands uttered by various speakers.

 Main method: Lecouteux et al. [1] ◦ Deals with speech recognition within distress situations. ◦ Problem: no background noise was considered.  Chosen methodology: adapt Lecouteux et al. protocol considering: ◦ Noisy settings. ◦ Initiating recognition using hand claps.

 Choice of the room setting ◦ Lecouteux et al. [1]: a whole flat. ◦ Vovos et al. [7]: one-room microphone array. ◦ Choice: one room with 2 microphones.  Choice of background noises ◦ Hirsch and Pierce [8]: NoiseX 92 database. ◦ Moncrieff et al. [5]: “Background noise is defined as consisting of typical regularly occurring sounds.” ◦ Choice: background noises of the daily house life.

 Performed in a 3m x 3m room.  Sounds were captured by two microphones which were hidden in the room.

 20 participants (10 men, 10 women, 25,5 ± 11 years) participated to a 2-phase exp.  1 st phase: recognize a word (“Jeeves”) as a command ◦ System’s attention is catched by double clapping. ◦ 4 scenarios. ◦ Background noises tested: step noises, opening doors, moving chairs, radio show.  2 nd phase: Gather a set of voice commands ◦ List of 15 command-words. ◦ Reference record for pronounciation issues. ◦ Each word is uttered 10 times.

 Used technologies: ◦ C# Library System.Speech.Recognition : Interface to the Speech Recognition used by Windows. ◦ Microphones: Two dynamic microphones with cardioid polar pattern (Sennheiser BF812/e8155) ◦ Line6 UX1 Audio Interface ◦ Line6 Pod Farm 2.5

 Signal is captured in real time.  If there are exactly two signal peaks within a certain timeframe, the software classifies them as a double clap.  After a double clap has been detected, the actual speech recognition engine is activated (i.e. the software is waiting for commands).

True positive True negative False positive False negative Attempt of the participant? Performance? System recognized something?

 A new idea of how to initiate speech recognition in human computer interaction.  An evaluation of the potential influence of a noisy environment.  Results: encouraging, but not yet satisfying.  Next step: perform this experiment in a real smart-home-context.

 [1] B. Lecouteux, M. Vacher and F. Portet. Distant speech recognition in a smart home: comparison of several multisouce ASRs in realistic conditions. Interspeech.,  [2] A. Fleury, N. Noury, M. Vacher, H. Glasson and J.-F. Serignat. Sound and speech detection and classification in a health smart home. 30th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August  [3] M. Vacher, N. Guirand, J.-F. Serignat and A. Fleury. Speech recognition in a smart home: Some experiments for telemonitoring. Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Speech Technology and Human-Computer Dialogue, pages 1 – 10, June  [4] J. Rouillard and J.-C. Tarby. How to communicate smartly with your house? Int. J. Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 7(3),  [5] S. Moncrieff, S. Venkatesh, G. West, and S. Greenhill. Incorporating contextual audio for an actively anxious smart home. Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, pages 373 – 378, Dec  [6] M. Vacher, D. Istrate, F. Portet, T. Joubert, T. Chevalier, S. Smidtas, B. Meillon, B. Lecouteux, M. Sehili, P. Chahuara and S. Méniard. The sweet-home project: Audio technology in smart homes to improve well-being and reliance. 33rd Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,  [7] A. Vovos, B. Kladis and N. Fakotakis, Speech operated smart-home control system for users with special needs, in Proc. Interspeech 2005, 2005, pp. 193 – 196.  [8] H.-G. Hirsch and D. Pearce. The AURORA experimental framework for the performance evaluation of speech recognition systems under noisy conditions. In ASR-2000, pages 181 – 188.