Pneumonia By: Larissa and Kyla

What is Pneumonia? Inflammation of the lung; an infectious disease - caused by bacteria or a virus Pneumonia can target: an area of a lung The bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli It can be prevented with simple interventions and treated with low-cost, low-tech medications and care

Statistics Threatens children, the elderly, and chronically ill of any respiratory condition and people suffering from a viral infection are at a higher risk of contracting pneumonia - 200,000 to 300,000 Canadians develop pneumonia each year - more than 900,000 children worldwide in 2013 dies from pneumonia - the mortality rate is high as 30% in Canada - mortality rate worldwide: 15% under 5 worldwide and 2% newborns - children in poor and rural communities are most affected

Causes of pneumonia When germs reach the lungs, the alveoli become inflamed and fill up with fluid Caused by 30 different factors: Bacteria Viruses Infections (e.g Fungi) There are 3 forms of pneumonia: Bacterial Viral Mycoplasmas

Bacterial Pneumonia It can affect all people of all ages. The most vulnerable are alcoholics, weakened individuals, people after operation, and people with respiratory diseases and viral infections. Types of bacterial pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumonia, Pneumococcus Bacterium The bacteria multiplies and invades the lungs and causes the alveoli to become inflamed. Liquids begins to build up in the tissues of the lobe section. The infection then spreads through the body by the bloodstream

Symptoms of Bacterial Pneumonia Fever, chills, chattering teeth Body’s temp. may rise to 40.5 C Acute chest pains and coughing that produces greenish/ rust mucus Sweating, accelerated respiration and pulse Lips and nail beds may turn to a bluish color due to the lack of oxygen Confusion or even delirium

Viral Pneumonia Half of all pneumonia cases are due to viruses Viral pneumonia caused by the influenza virus There are no physical signs of lung tissues filled with fluid. Cause respiratory infections that mainly affect the upper respiratory tract Victims of this form of pneumonia are mostly pregnant woman or individuals with cardiovascular conditions and diseases Symptoms: Fever, dry coughs, headaches Muscle pains and weakness

Mycoplasma Pneumonia Also known as “Primary Stypical Pneumonia” Caused by mircoorganisms that are smaller than the bacteria and viruses discovered and identified in WW2 This mild and widespread form of pneumonia occurs in older children and adolescents Symptoms: Severe cough attacks Chills and fever that could lead to nausea and vomiting Reduced heart rate

Technologies/ methods to diagnose Patient’s medical history Chest X-Ray Blood test Physical examination

Treatments available Non- Medical It can be treated at home with remedies Pleurisy Root Garlic Altering your diet Medical Antibiotics (treated for bacterial) Medicines that ease chest pain and relieve violent coughing Antiviral drugs to treat viral pneumonia Types of antibiotics: Penicillin and macrolide

Treatments available (Continued) Side effects of treatments: Can have an allergic reactions from antibiotics Infection, stomach problems, and/or vaginal infections Person does not have to go to hospital unless : Older than 65 Health problems Chest pain Not able to eat or keep food down, so you need to take fluids Infants younger than 2 months

Outcome after treatment Is pneumonia curable? Yes, it can be cured. It is an infection that can be treated with antibiotics and medications. In most cases, it can be treated at home Outcome after treatment Person recovering from mycoplasma pneumonia may be weak for a period of time For middle-aged people, may be weeks before they regain their usual strength Viral Pneumonia improves in 1-3 weeks

Lifestyle Changes Stop smoking. it is also known as a lung irritant. It will be difficult to get oxygen in system Limit alcohol intake. It can lower you immune resistance and it will be difficult to recover. Take daily dose of prescriptions. If stopped early, lungs may continue to harbor bacteria and causes pneumonia to reoccur

Risk Factors Cigarette smoking Infection Difficulty swallowing Chronic lung disease such as Cystic Fibrosis Other serious illness such as heart disease and diabetes Recent surgery/ Trauma Weak immune system

Sleeping in Dentures doubles the Risk of Pneumonia in Elderly Poor oral health and hygiene are recognized as a major risk factors for pneumonia among the elderly 524 seniors were randomly selected. Amon the 453 denture wearers, 186 who wore dentures were at a higher risk of pneumonia Wearing dentures at night leads to swallowing difficulties and a higher risk of the incidence of pneumonia which was comparable to cognitive impairment, history of stroke and respiratory disease They were also likely to have tongue and denture plague and gum inflammation

Refrences 11 Home Remedies for Pneumonia - www.naturalalternativeremedy.com Managed WordPress Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.naturalalternativeremedy.com/11-home- remedies-for-pneumonia/ Lifestyle Changes to Manage Pneumonia | Lifescript.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/heart_health/articles/lifestyle_changes_to_manage _pneumonia.aspx Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/pneumonia/symptoms-diagnosis-and.html Understanding Pneumonia - American Lung Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/pneumonia/understanding-pneumonia.html WebMD - Better information. Better health. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/default.htm