Planet Earth and Beyond: Sedimentary Rock NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 At first, mountains are tall and rough  Later, they are much more rounded  Rock is worn away by weather and water  This process is called EROSION NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

(Science Kitchen) NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 Rocks are broken up by wind, rain and water  Broken pieces washed along rivers or blown along by the wind (Process = erosion)  Broken pieces of rock, called sediments, are dropped somewhere else  It sinks to the ground / low lying areas  Over many years, sediments collect slowly and form layers  Becomes compact NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

1. As the water in a river moves, loose bits of rocks are carried along 2. As the river slows down, pieces drop to the bottom. (It is deposited) NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

3. Sand, stones and soil sink to the bottom of the river / sea 4. Layers of sand, stones and soil form NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

5. Over time, more and more layers are deposited 6. It gets very heavy and their weight presses down on the layers underneath NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

7. The pressure makes the layers underneath harden and turn into sedimentary rock. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

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 Made up of layers  Each layer is not very heavy  The more layers, the more weight and pressure NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

1. Shale  Grains of clay that have been hardened  These break apart in large, flat pieces  They are soft, like chalk, and can be used to write with NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

2. Sandstone  Soft stone  Formed when sand grains stick together  Sometimes in different colours  Crumbles easily NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

3. Limestone  Rock that contains many fossils  Mainly made up of minerals, calcium and tiny shells  Shells are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

     Image: soil99.wikispaces.com  Image: science.nationalgeographic.com  Image:  Image:  Image: sciencenetlinks.com  Image:  Image:  Image: saturniancosmology.org Image by Nicholas M. Short, Sr.  Image: ucrtoday.ucr.edu  Image: geology.com × Search by imageby Hobart King  Image:  Image: science.nationalgeographic.com × Search by image  by Melissa Farlow  Image:  Image:  Image:  Image:   CAPS Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5  Barnard T, Bevan W, Collett H, McKay R, Turley C Oxford Successful Natural Science Grade 5 Leaner’s Book. Cape Town: Oxford University Press NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5