NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 The Surface of the Earth: Rocks.

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NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 The Surface of the Earth: Rocks

NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 What do you think is under the floor of the classroom?  What do you think is under the building’s pipes and foundations?  What do you think is under the school’s playground? NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

Different layers NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 The surface of the Earth is called the crust  We live on the thin outer layer of the Earth’s surface  It is made up of rocks and soil  It is about 70 km thick under a continent and 10km thick under the sea NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 Crust

 The crust also goes under the sea  The deepest part of the sea is the Marianas Trench (South of Japan, near the Marianas Islands)  It is 11 km deep  The sun’s light can not reach it NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 The rock layer under the crust is called the MANTLE  It is sticky, hotter and much thicker than the crust  It is almost 3 000km thick  It is also made up of rocks  Rocks become soft in places  because of the heat. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 Mantle

The outer core:  Made up of VERY hot liquid lava  Lava is mostly melted iron and nickel The inner core:  Very hot  A solid ball of mostly iron and nickel NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

Soil  Found in the Earth’s crust  Most plants grow in soil  Planets need the minerals in the soil  No soil = no plants = no animals, no humans NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

Air  Air has oxygen  All living things need oxygen to live NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

Water  Plants use water and the Sun’s energy to make their own food  Without water, all living things would die  Water is a solvent NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

Sunlight  The Sun gives the Earth energy  All living things need energy to grow  Plants need the Sun to make their own food  Animals need the Sun because it helps the plants to make food for them to eat NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

 Image credit: ES300/300earthinterior.jpg  Image credit: Chuck Nice for  Image credit: Sherihan Khedr    trench-deepsea-challenger-oceans-science/ trench-deepsea-challenger-oceans-science/   breathing.html (image) breathing.html  (image)  content/ (image) content/     CAPS Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5  Barnard T, Bevan W, Collett H, McKay R, Turley C Oxford Successful Natural Science Grade 5 Leaner’s Book. Cape Town: Oxford University Press NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

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