Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart A General

Part 121 Subpart A: General Subpart E: Approval of Routes Domestic and Flag Operations Subpart F: Approval of Areas and Routes Supplemental Operations Subpart G: Manual Requirements Subpart H: Aircraft Requirements Subpart J: Special Airworthiness Requirement

121.1 Applicability (Rules governing) Domestic, flag, supplemental operations who hold or required to hold –Air Carrier Certificate –Operating Certificate Each person employed or used by certificate holder –Maintenance –Preventive maintenance –Alteration of aircraft

121.1 Manual Requirements Each person applying for provisional approval of an Advanced Qualification Program –Curriculum –Curriculum segment –Portion of curriculum segment Each person employed performing –Training –Qualification functions –Evaluation functions

121.2 Compliance Schedule (Pre Jan 19, 1996) Certificate holder conducting passenger-carrying operations with –Nontransport turbopropeller airplanes Passenger seat configuration 10 – 19 seats –Transport turbopropeller airplanes Passenger seat configuration 20 – 30 seats –Turbojet engine airplanes Passenger seat configuration 1 – 30 seats

121.2 Compliance Schedule See web page

121.7 Definitions Adequate Airport –Airplane operator may list with approval from FAA –Meets landing limitations of –Airport is either Meeting requirements of Part 139 Military airport that is active and operational ETOPS Alternate Airport –Listed in certificate holder’s operations specifications –Designated in flight release for used in event of diversion during ETOPS

121.7 Definitions ETOPS –Extended Operations –Allows twin-engine airlines to fly long-distance routes previously off-limits ETOPS: Turbine powered twin engine –Area beyond 60 minutes from an adequate airport Computed using one-engine inoperative ETOPS: Turbine powered more than 2 engine –Area beyond 180 minutes from an adequate airport Computed using one-engine inoperative

121.7 Definitions Maximum Diversion Time –ETOPS planning –Longest diversion time authorized for flight

Carriage of Drugs Certificate holder in violation of –91.19(a) –Operation is basis for suspension or revoking of certificate

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart E Approval of Routes: Domestic and Flag Operations

Route Requirements: Gen Each certificate holder must show: –Able to conduct satisfactorily scheduled operations between each: Regular Provisional –Airport approved by the Administrator for use by the certificate holder for the purpose of providing service to a community when the regular airport is not available Refueling airport –Facilities are available and adequate for proposed operation

Route Requirements: Gen –Does not require actual flight over route or route segment, considering Availability/adequacy of airports Lighting Maintenance Communication Navigation Fueling Ground/airplane radio facilities Ability of personnel to be used in proposed operation

Route Width Approved routes/segments on U.S. Federal/foreign airways: –Meets minimum requirements Other routes considerations: –Terrain clearance –Minimum en route altitudes –Ground/airborne navigation aids –Air traffic density –ATC procedures –Specified in operations specifications

Airports: Required Data Each route has enough airports –Properly equipped –Adequate for proposed operation Size Surface Obstructions Facilities Public protection Lighting Navigational/communication aids

Airports: Required Data Certificate holder has approved system to obtain, maintain, and distribute current aeronautical data for: –Airports Facilities Public protection Navigation/communication aids Construction affecting takeoff, landing, ground ops Air traffic facilities –Runways, clearways, stopways Dimensions Surface Marking and lighting systems Elevation and gradient

Airports: Required Data –Displaced Thresholds Location Dimensions Takeoff or landing or both Obstacles –Obstacles Those affecting takeoff/landing performance Controlling obstacles Instrument flight procedures Departure procedure Approach procedure Missed approach procedure –Special information RVR equipment Prevailing winds under low visibility conditions

Airports: Revisions Necessary for continued adequacy Certificate holder has 30 days to reconsider notice

Communications Facilities Certificate holder must show: –Two way system or –Other means approved by FSDO office –Independent of any system operated in US ETOPS operations –If voice communication not possible –Another communication system must be substituted ETOPS beyond 180 minutes –Must have another communication system Provide immediate satellite-based voice communications of landline-telephone fidelity –Must consider potential routes/altitudes needed for diversion to ETOPS alternates

Weather Facilities Reporting services available along route: –US National Weather service or –Source approved by US National Weather Service (within 48 contiguous states) Administrator (outside 48 contiguous states) NAVAIDs –Suitable aids are available –Not required if Day VFR operations can be conducted Night VFR operations have reliable landmarks

Maintenance/ETOPS Competent personnel Adequate facilities/equipment ETOPS Alternate airport (rescue/fire fighting) –ETOPS up to 180 minutes Category 4 or higher –ETOPS beyond180 minutes Category 7 or higher Aircraft must remain within diversion time of airport that has Category 7 or higher

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart F Approval of Areas and Routes: Supplemental Operations

Area/Route Requirements Each certificate holder must show: –Equipped/able to conduct operations over Navigational facilities associated with –Federal airways –Foreign airways –Advisory routes (ADR’s) –Conduct all IFR and night VFR over Federal airways Foreign airways Controlled airspace Advisory routes (ADR’s)

Route Width Approved routes/segments on U.S. Federal/foreign airways: –Meets minimum requirements Other routes: –Terrain clearance –Minimum en route altitudes –Ground/airborne navigation aids –Air traffic density –ATC procedures –Specified in operations specifications

Airports: Required Data Each airport used must be –Properly equipped –Adequate for proposed operation Size Surface Obstructions Facilities Public protection Lighting Navigational/communication aids

Airports: Required Data Certificate holder has approved system to obtain, maintain, and distribute current aeronautical data for: –Airports Facilities Public protection Navigation/communication aids Construction affecting takeoff, landing, ground ops Air traffic facilities –Runways, clearways, stopways Dimensions Surface Marking and lighting systems Elevation and gradient

Airports: Required Data –Displaced Thresholds Location Dimensions Takeoff or landing or both Obstacles –Obstacles Those affecting takeoff/landing performance Controlling obstacles Instrument flight procedures Departure procedure Approach procedure Missed approach procedure –Special information RVR equipment Prevailing winds under low visibility conditions

Airports: Revisions Necessary for continued adequacy Certificate holder has 30 days to reconsider notice

Weather Facilities Reporting services available along route: –US National Weather service or –Source approved by US National Weather Service (within 48 contiguous states) Administrator (outside 48 contiguous states) NAVAIDs –Suitable aids are available –Not required if Day VFR operations can be conducted Night VFR operations have reliable landmarks

Communication Facilities Certificate holder must show: –Two way system or –Other means approved by FSDO office –Reliable and rapid communications under normal operating procedure ETOPS operations –If voice communication not possible –Another communication system must be substituted ETOPS beyond 180 minutes –Must have another communication system Provide immediate satellite-based voice communications of landline-telephone fidelity

Maintenance Competent personnel Adequate facilities/equipment

Flight Following Certificate holder must show: –Approved flight following system –Flight following centers located at Necessary points ensuring proper monitoring of flight progress All information necessary for safety of flight –Flight crew of aircraft (PIC) –Persons designated to perform operational control function –Adequate facilities/personnel Provide necessary information for initiation and safe conduct of each flight to: –Flight crew of each aircraft –Persons designated to perform operational control of aircraft –Communications to monitor progress of each flight

Manual Contents Instructions and information necessary: –Personnel to perform duties and responsibilities –Easy to revise –Date of last revision on each page concerned –Not contrary to any FAR or foreign regulation –2 or more separate parts General policies Duties/responsibilities of each crewmember Reference appropriate FARs Flight dispatch and operational control procedures Enroute, navigation and communication procedures Domestic or flag operations –Approved routes –Types of airplanes authorized –Type of operations (VFR, IFR, Day, Night, etc)

Manual Contents Supplemental operations –Areas of operations –Types of airplanes authorized –Type of operations (VFR, IFR, Day, Night, etc) –Airport operations Location (domestic/flag only) Designation (regular/provisional/refueling-- domestic/flag only) Types of airplane authorized (domestic/flag only) Instrument approach procedures Landing/takeoff minimums Other pertinent information Duties/responsibilities of each crewmember List continues (see regulation)

Manual Availability Copies to –Appropriate ground operations –Maintenance personnel –Crewmembers –Representatives of Administrator –All required to Keep it up-to-date with changes and additions

Manual Aboard Aircraft Supplemental operations –Appropriate parts on each airplane when away from principal base of operations Airplane Flight Manual –Current approved flight manual for each type of aircraft Each aircraft required to have flight manual May revise operating procedures if –Approved by Administrator –Clearly identified as airplane flight manual requirements

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart H Aircraft Requirements

Aircraft Requirements Registered as civil aircraft of U.S. –Carries appropriate current airworthiness certificate –Airworthy condition –Meets applicable airworthiness requirements Identification Equipment –Weight and balance (based on) Average Assumed Estimated weight

Aircraft Certification See website Single-engine airplanes Prohibited

Limitations: Routes Turbine-engine powered airplane –Farther from Adequate Airport 60 minutes for two-engine 180 minutes – more than 2 engine –Within North Polar Area –Within South Polar Area –Overwater Certificated/approved for ditching

ETOPS Approval Two-engine (ETOPS up to 180 minutes) –Airplane priors to Feb 14, 2007 FAA approval for ETOPS up to 180 minutes –Airplanes after Feb 14, 2007 CMP document for that model airplane Two-engine (ETOPS beyond 180 minutes) –Airplane priors to Feb 14, 2007 CMP document for that model airplane –Airplanes after Feb 14, 2007 CMP document for that model airplane

Aircraft Proving Tests 100 hours of proving test –At least 10 hours at night –Acceptable to the Administrator 100 hours may be reduced by Administrator if satisfactory level of proficiency is demonstrated –Representative number of flights CMP document for that model airplane Materially altered –At least 50 hours acceptable to Administrator –Installation of power plants Other than type similar which is certificated –Flight characteristics Component alterations No passengers on proving tests

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart I Airplane Performance Operating Limitations Look at Website

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart J Special Airworthiness Requirements

Cabin Interiors Flash resistant materials –Walls/ceiling linings –Upholstery /floors/furnishings Flame resistant –Smoking Compartment equipped with self-contained ash trays –Receptacles Fire-resistant material Cover/other means of containing possible fires Suitably ventilated –Crew has convenient means for closing air flow when necessary

Fire Precautions Compartment designed for storage –Cannot include controls which affect safe operation of airplane unless Adequately shielded Isolated Otherwise protected –Flame resistant Class A: –Readily discernible to crewmember while at his station and all parts are easily accessible inflight –Must have hand-held fire extinguisher

Fire Precautions Class B: –Enough access to effectively reach all of compartment with fire extinguisher –Separate approved smoke/fire detector system –Must have hand-held fire extinguisher –Lined with fire-resistant material Class C: –Does not conform to Class A,B,D, or E –Separate approved smoke/fire detector system –Approved built-in fire extinguishing system –Exclude smoke, flames, extinguishing agent from crew or passenger compartment –Lined with fire resistant material

Fire Precautions Class D: –Completely confine fire with endangering safety of airplane or occupants –Means to exclude smoke, flames, gases from entering crew or passenger compartment –Completely lined with fire-resistant material Class E (Cargo only): –Does not conform to Class A,B,D, or E –Separate approved smoke/fire detector system –Shut off air flow to compartment –Exclude smoke, flames, extinguishing agent from crew compartment –Lined with fire resistant material

– See Website for more

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart L Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations

Airworthiness Certificate holder responsible –Airworthiness of aircraft –Performance of maintenance –Other person performing maintenance Maintenance Maintenance personnel –Organization adequate to perform work –Inspections by organization adequate to perform work

Manual Requirements List of persons arranged to perform required inspections or maintenance Programs followed for maintenance and: –Method of routine or non-routine maintenance –Designate items of maintenance and alteration –Method of performing inspections and personnel authorized by occupational title –Procedures for re-inspection of work performed –Procedures, standards, limits for inspection acceptance or rejection –Procedures to ensure required inspections are performed –Prevention of person performing work from performing inspection of work

Manual Requirements Programs followed for maintenance and: –Work interruption instructions for inspection completion Suitable system providing preservation and retrieval of information –Acceptable to Administrator –Description of work performed –Name of person performing work –Name of person approving work

Inspection Personnel Approved, certificated, properly trained, qualified, and authorized Inspector –Performing inspection under supervision and control of inspection unit Current list of people –Trained –Qualified –Authorized to conduct inspections –Identified by name, occupational title and inspections authorized to perform –Written information to each person authorizing responsibilities, authorities, limitations

Continuing Analysis Maintain system for inspection analysis and surveillance –Performance and effectiveness of inspection –Correction of any deficiencies Make changes as noted by Administrator –Can petition within 30 days of notice

CAMP ETOPS Maintenance document –List each ETOPS significant system –Include maintenance elements –Include supportive programs/procedures –Include duties and responsibilities –Clearly state where reference material is located Pre-departure service check (PDSC) –Verify condition of ETOPS significant system –Verify overall status (maintenance records review) of airplane –Interior/exterior inspection Determine engine/APU oil levels/consumption rates Signature to certify PDSC complete

Training Program Required –Ensure inspection personnel are fully informed on procedures, techniques, new equipment Duty Time Limitations Relieve of duty of at least 24 hours during any 7 consecutive days Certificate Requirements Person directly in charge –Hold appropriate airman certificate –Directly in charge – need not perform work or physically observe, but be available for consultation or decisions

Recording Requirements All records necessary for issuance of airworthiness release Records contain following information –Total time in service of airframe –Total time in service of each engine, propeller –Current status of life-limited parts –Time since last overhaul of all items required to be overhauled –ID of current inspection status of aircraft –Current status of airworthiness directives Date of compliance Method of compliance –List of current major alterations

a Transfer of Records See previous slide

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart M Airman and Crewmember Requirements

Airmen Limitations Must hold appropriate current certificate –Certificates in possession while operating –Otherwise qualified Cannot fly upon reaching 65 th birthday –If over 60, another pilot must be on flight deck under 60 –Total time in service of each engine, propeller

Composition of Aircrew Cannot operate airplane with less than minimum flight crew requirement –One person cannot perform multiple functions –Minimum crew of 2 – one PIC, one SIC

Flight Attendants Payload and seat capacity Maximum payload >7,500 lbs Passengers > 9 but < 51 1 flight attendant Maximum payload 7,500 lbs or less Passengers > 19 but < 51 1 flight attendant Passengers > 50 but < flight attendants Passengers more than flight attendants plus 1 for every 50 Uniformly distributed throughout airplane

Passengers on Board Person qualified for emergency evacuation procedures remains: –On board the airplane –Nearby the airplane Engines are shut down One floor level remains open for deplaning passengers

Passenger Boarding Boarding –Reduce required flight attendants by one Remains within vicinity of door Only conduct safety duties related to flight Airplane engines are shut down –Substitute pilot or flight engineer Described in manual Not assigned to operate flight Trained on flight attendant duties Meets emergency training requirements Located in passenger cabin Identified to pilots Airplane engines are shut down

Aircraft Dispatcher Provide enough qualified dispatchers to ensure proper control of each flight Emergency Evacuation Duties Necessary functions are: –Realistic –Practically accomplished –Meet any reasonably anticipated emergency –Manual describes functions of required crewmembers

Part 121 Operating Requirements Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations Subpart N Training Program

Terms Group I –Propeller driven including Reciprocating powered Turbopropeller powered Group II –Turbojet powered Initial Training –Have not qualified/served in same capacity of another airplane Transition Training –Qualified/served in same capacity of another airplane

Terms Upgrade Training –Qualified/served as SIC or flight engineer Differences Training –Qualified/served in particular type airplane and training on a particular variation of that airplane Programmed hours –Hours of training prescribed –May be reduced by Administrator Requalification Training –Previously qualified/trained

Training Program Whenever a crewmember takes a competence check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which that training or check is required, he is considered to have taken or completed it in the calendar month in which it was required CRM All flight crewmembers and flight attendants must complete crew resource management before certificate holder can use them

Special Rules Part 142 certificated flight training center eligible to provide training –Holds applicable training specifications –Has facilities, training equipment, courseware –Approved curriculums, curriculum segments, and portions of curriculum segments –Has sufficient instructor and check airmen qualified to provide training, testing, and checks Detailed descriptions of approved normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures List of airplane simulators Programmed hours of training

Curriculum List of principal ground training subjects –Including emergency training subjects List of all training devices –System trainers –Procedures trainers –Other training aids Detailed descriptions of approved normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures List of airplane simulators Programmed hours of training Administrator grants final approval of training programs/revisions

Emergency Training Each crewmember must accomplish emergency training during initial training and once each 24 calendar months during recurrent training –Each type of emergency exit –Each type of installed hand fire extinguisher –Each type of emergency oxygen system –Donning, use, and inflation of individual flotation –Ditching

Training Required Recurrent Training –Flight Crewmembers No person may serve as a required crewmember unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, satisfactorily complete recurrent and flight training for that airplane and a flight check as applicable –Pilot in Command No person may serve as a pilot in command unless, within the preceding 6 calendar months, satisfactorily complete recurrent flight training in addition to the training required above

Line Checks Pilot in Command (Domestic/Flag) –Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line check –Over typical part of route, airway, direct route Pilot in Command (Supplemental) –Within preceding 12 calendar months, pass a line check –Part or airway or advisory route

Proficiency checks Pilot in Command –With preceding 12 calendar months –Within preceding 6 calendar months either Proficiency Approved simulator course of training Other pilots –Within the preceding 24 calendar months, pass a proficiency check or line-oriented simulator training course –Within the preceding 12 calendar months, pass a proficiency check or any simulator training course

Flight Time Limitations (Domestic) Total flight time cannot exceed: –1,000 hours in any calendar year –100 hours in any calendar month –30 hours in any 7 consecutive days –8 hours between required rest periods (Flag) Total flight time cannot exceed: –1,000 hours in any calendar year –100 hours in any calendar month –32 hours in any 7 consecutive days

Flight Time Limitations (Supp) Total flight time cannot exceed: –1,000 hours in any calendar year –100 hours in any 30 consecutive days