Traveling in Space 1.The Space Agency 2.Unmanned Space Vehicles 3.Manned Space Vehicles 4.Equipment needed in Space 5.The Future of Space Exploration NASA – National Aeronautics & Space Administration

NASA NASA is an agency of the United States Government, responsible for the nation's public space program. NASA was established on July 29, 1958 In addition to the space program, it is also responsible for long-term civilian and military aerospace research. NASA – National Aeronautics & Space Administration

Unmanned Space Exploration In the late 1950’s the Soviet Union and the United States of America were competing to be the first to space. Russia beat the USA by launching Sputnik in 1957.

Unmanned Space Exploration Unmanned missions are used when the conditions are too dangerous for life. Sputnik (Russian and the first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth) Explorer (American and orbited the Earth) Luna (American and traveled to the Moon) Mariner (American and traveled to Venus) Pioneer (American and traveled to Saturn) Voyager (American and traveled to Uranus and Neptune) Mars Rover

Manned Space Exploration Vostok 1 –Russian, 1957 with dog named Laika Vostok 1 –Russian, late 1957 Mercury Missions –Orginally launched in 1961 with Alan Shepard becoming the first American in space –Other missions followed with single person crews

Manned Space Exploration Mercury Missions –Orginally launched in 1961 with Alan Shepard becoming the first American in space –Other missions followed with single person crews Gemini Missions –Two person crews –Longer flights Apollo Missions –Three person crews –Moon missions (1969 Americans were the first to land on the Moon.) STS (Space Transport System- The Space Shuttle) –up to an eight person crew –Allows for an airplane-like landing and is reusable –Began in 1981 with STS1- Columbia –Final mission is scheduled for September 16, 2010 with STS134

Accidents of Space Travel Apollo fire on the launch pad kills crew of three STS51- Space Shuttle Challenger explodes at lift- off killing the entire crew of 7 STS107- Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during re-entry over Texas killing the entire crew of 7

Science Research Mission Purify Water for ISS Student experiments of spaceflight and insects Cancer cells/bone cells Microgravity Growing flowers Testing Communication devices

Transportation in Space: Rockets Rockets: Every force/action has an equal and opposite reaction Action: Rocket engine’s hot gas in one direction Reaction: Produces an opposite force that moves rocket forward Rockets were use for space travel prior to shuttle First Launch: 1942 First man in a rocket: 1961 USSR

Multistage Rockets According to this diagram, which stage, or section, of the rocket reaches the destinations? What happens to the other stages? Why are these rockets needed? Once the fuel is used up the rocket falls back to Earth.

International Space Station (ISS) -Large satellite project with 16 countries in which people can live for long periods. The assembly of the ISS in orbit began in The ISS has more than 100 components. First crew on it: 2000 (Sky lab 1973)

Artificial Satellites Satellite: Any natural or artificial object that revolves around an object in space. A few hundred satellites are currently operational. Consists of small rocket thrusters to keep it in orbit, thermal shield for protection, etc. 1 st Artificial – Soviet 1957 Sputnik 1

Uses of satellites 1. Relay telephone calls 2. Measure Earth’s atmosphere 3. Photography 4. Global positioning

Space Probes Space Probes are unmanned research crafts sent into space to conduct science experiments. Most are designed to land or orbit specific objects. Some fly past the planets taking pictures for scientist to study. First Probe – Luna 1 was launched by the Soviets in 1959 to study the moon

Space Suit Space Suit Video ( 3 min.)Space Suit -nasas-next-gen-space-suit-back-on-track/ 2 min. -nasas-next-gen-space-suit-back-on-track/ EMU: /326-nasa_space_suit_emu.html 1 min /326-nasa_space_suit_emu.html

Rovers Rovers: A rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of an astronomical body. Some rovers have been designed to transport members of a human spaceflight crew; others have been partially or fully autonomous robots. Rovers usually arrive at the planetary surface on a lander- style spacecraft. First: mation.html Mars: Phoenix Mission: hunting-for-habitats-on-mars-video.htm hunting-for-habitats-on-mars-video.htm

Robotics Athlete Rover: video.mov (5 min) video.mov Robotics: sp about 3 min for all clips sp Robotic Hand: robotic-hand-video.htm ( 1 min) robotic-hand-video.htm

Telescope A telescope is an instrument to search space, planets, moons. Galileo made the first telescope in 1609 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by the space shuttle in April It is named after the American astronomer Edwin Hubble. le_now/ le_now/ Telescope Video (Optional) 6 minTelescope Video

Constellation Program reconnaissance-orbiter-works-video.htm Click on this link 8/multimedia/funandgames_archive_3.html 8/multimedia/funandgames_archive_3.html then scroll down to the video: Animation: To the Moon nfeature/Vision.html Informational website about the new mission (optional) nfeature/Vision.html ml in-depth information about Constellation (optional) ml NASA Vision

Destination Tomorrow Future of living in space and space tourism: Space elevator: video.htm Space hotel (inflatable space module) Virgin Galactic: future of space travel: gin_galactic01http:// gin_galactic01