1 M. Aslam Baig National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad Pakistan

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Presentation transcript:

1 M. Aslam Baig National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad Pakistan Synchrotron Radiation for Material Analysis

X-ray ray tubes Wavelength (nm) Intensity (a. u.) KK KK min Characteristic radiation Bremsstrahlung radiation The spectrum from an X-ray tube has discrete fluorescent lines superimposed on the continuous bremsstrahlung radiation Anode Vacuum tube Cathode Electrons HV Filament supply X-rays

Energy Dissipation 4

BAIG, Karachi, 7th. January, 2005 How a Storage Ring Works

Radiation angular distribution (a) electrons travelling at low speed (b) electrons travelling at relativistic speed (  = (1-v 2 /c 2 ) -1/2  at ESRF) Synchrotron radiation angular distribution Electron orbit Acceleration v << c v  c Electron orbit Acceleration e-e- e-e-   m 0 c 2 /E = 1/  rad m 0 = electron mass v = electron velocity E = electron energy c = velocity of light v v

Time structure t I 1s1s 100  ps e-e- e-e- e-e- e-e- Time pulsed emission is interesting for studying rapid reactions Light pulses

Als-Nielsen Introduction to Modern X-ray Physics Synchrotron storage ring Spectrometer Monochromator Undulator 300 m Focusing device 10 m 2 m 30 m From the magnetic device to the experimental station 5 m

Why is wavelength important? Why is it special? Visible light X-rays To penetrate a sample, you need a wavelength of similar, or smaller magnitude. sample

Detector Sample X-rays Absorption X-rays Sample I wavelength Fluorescence Imaging Detector X-rays Elemental analysis E (eV) Energy  Detector

The absorption coefficient μ t I = I 0 exp(-μt) linear absorption coefficient α = μt = ln ( I 0 /I ) I0I0 I 12

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Zinc K-edge 13

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) In condensed matter the ejected photoelectron (wave) will be scattered by neighbouring atoms. It is the interference between the outgoing electron and the back-scattered ones which leads to oscillations visible in the absorption spectrum above the edge.

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) Lab data took over 12 hours to collect. Synchrotron data took 25 minutes and could have been collected in about 3.

Taken from: “Introduction to Powder Diffraction” By: R J Cernik Daresbury Laboratory

Powder Diffraction

18 XANES can be used simply as a fingerprint of phases and oxidation state. Fe compounds

19 FLASH – Light Source

20 Photoionization of Neon Richter et al PRL 102, , 2009

21 Xenon Ions

22 Bi 1.7 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 2 O CaO SrCaO 2 Cu 2 O Pb/Bi Ca 2 CuO 3 Sr SrO Ca Mg Mass / charge (m/q) Rel. Signal Intensity (arb. units) Surface analysis of superconducting materials Baig et al J.Appl. Phys. 2009

Future……. Prospects for Pakistan SESAME Synchrotron Radiation Facility being built in Amman, Jordan