Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Katsuyuki KARIYA †, Tatsuya NAKAMURA †, Shinji TAKEUCHI †, Atsushi OTOGAWA † Yukio IWASHIMA ††, Yasuhisa MATSUSHITA †† Hitoshi KUBOTA †††, Toshihiro INOUE ††† † : Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., †† : ChubuSeiki Co., Ltd., ††† : Mitshubishi Electric Corporation Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 Investigation of Wireless Telecommunication for AMI

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Introduction  Measured wireless media  Conditions of measurements  Results of the Investigation  Summary Outline Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Why Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)? Improves efficiency of meter reading Energy conservation Future; Efficient operation of power distribution under condition in which distributed power source are widely spread, etc Introduction Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 SM SMN WAN Server Computers GW  What’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)? A Model of AMI System Introduction Millions of smart meters (SMs) perform two-way communication with Server computer via smart meter networks(SMNs), Gateways (GWs), and Wide area network (WAN). Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Why wireless telecommunication? Number of meters per service transformer is small (About 10~20 meters) Meters are installed outside Introduction Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 The installation cost of the PLC coupler is expensive in Japan. Therefore, the wireless is more cost effective.

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Introduction Radio propagation characteristics of three kinds of license free wireless communication media were investigated.  What's suitable wireless media for AMI system? Easy to use Low cost License Free Wireless media in Japan 2.4GHz wireless LAN 950MHz Low Power Radio 429MHz Low Power Radio Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Measured wireless media 2.4GHz Wireless LAN 950MHz Low Power Radio 429MHz Low Power Radio Output Power10mW/MHz10mW Channel Band Width 22MHz200kHz8.5kHz ModulationDSSS *1 GFSK *2 Data Transfer Rate 1Mbps100kbps4.8kbps ReferenceIEEE b ARIB *3 STD-T33 ARIB STD-T96ARIB STD T-67 *1 : Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum *2 : Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying *3 : Association of Radio Industry Business Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Measurements excecuted under condition which simmulated communication A) Between a GW placed on a utility pole and SMs of detached houses. B) Between a GW placed on a utility pole and SMs in pipe shafts of an apartment building. C) Among SMs in pipe shafts of an apartment. Conditions of Measurements Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements A transmitter was placed on a handrail of outside stairs of an apartment building. Receivers were placed by utility poles around the apartment building. A) Communication between GW and SM of detached house 6m 1.8m ReceiverTransmitter Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements A transmitter was placed in a pipe shaft of an apartment building. Receivers were placed by utility poles around the apartment building. B) Communication between GW and SM in Apartment Building 1.8m Transmitter Receiver Pipe Shaft Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements Both transmitter and receivers were placed in pipe shafts of an apartment building. C) Communication among SMs in an Apartment Building Transmitter & Receiver Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Results of measurements 2.4GHz wireless LAN Received Signal Power vs. Packet Error Rate  Received Signal Power vs. Packet Error rate Serviceable area Where received signal power is strong enough and packet error hardly occurs. Fringe area Where packet error increases Unserviceable area Received signal power is so weak that packet error frequently occurs. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Results of measurements Serviceable AreaFringe AreaUnserviceable Area Wireless LAN Received Power >= -85dBm -85dBm > Received Power >= -98dBm -98dBm > Received Power 950MHz Low Power Radio Received Power >= -95dBm -95dBm > Received Power >= -100dBm -100dBm > Received Power 429MHz Low Power Radio Received Power >= -90dBm -90dBm > Received Power >= -110dBm -110dBm > Received Power  Classification of measurements Results Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June m 200m 0° 180° 90° 270° 100m 200m 0° 180° 90° 270° Results of measurements ( a)2.4GHz Wireless LAN A) Communication between GW and SM of detached house(1) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – m 200m 0° 180° 90° 270° Clear Space Reinforced Concrete Building Unserviceable Area Fringe Area Serviceable Area (c)429MHz Low Power Radio(b)950MHz Low Power Radio

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June MHz low power radio had longest range in the three wireless media. All of the three wireless media had difficulty to establish communication across the apartment building nearby. Results of measurements A) Communication between GW and SM of detached house(2) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June m 0° 90° 180° 270° 30m 0° 180° 90° 270° 30m 0° 180° 90° 270° Results of measurements (c)429MHz Low Power Radio (b)950MHz Low Power Radio(a)2.4GHz Wireless LAN B) Communication between GW and SM in Apartment Building(1) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 Clear Space Reinforced Concrete Building Unserviceable Area Fringe Area Serviceable Area

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June MHz low power radio could establish communication between inside of a pipe shaft and utility poles on both steel door’s side and its opposite side of the pipe shaft. 2.4GHz wireless LAN and 950MHz low power radio had difficulty in communication between SM and GW on a steel door’s side of the pipe shaft. Results of measurements B) Communication between GW and SM in Apartment Building(2) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Results of measurements Dimensions of the Apartment Building. (5-storied building) C) Communication among SMs in Apartment Building(1) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 Chose an apartment building which has long distance between each pipe shafts.

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Results of measurements (c)429MHz Low Power radio (a)2.4GHz Wireless LAN(b)950MHz Low Power radio C) Communication among SMs in Apartment Building(2) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 Good communication even with adjacent pipe shaft Poor communication with adjacent pipe shafts Unserviceable Area Fringe Area Serviceable Area Tx Transmitter

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June MHz low power radio could establish communication not only between SMs in same pipe shaft or between SMs in adjacent pipe shafts on same floor but also between SMs in adjacent pipe shafts on different floors. Results of measurements C) Communication among SMs in Apartment Building(3) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 In view of serviceable area 950MHz low power radio is the most suitable communication media for smart meter network. 429MHz low power radio has advantages over two other wireless media for communication in apartment buildings. Summary Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 The results of this investigation shows differences of radio propagation characteristics among wireless media. Steady SMN must be built with selecting suitable wireless media for conditions of meter installation. Summary Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Thank you for your attention. We Japanese are grateful for the kindness of people of all over the world. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737