Solids Gases Liquids Plasmas

A solid has definite size and shape. States of Matter Solid, Liquid, and Gas Steam 2 Ice Water Heat Heat A solid has definite size and shape. A liquid has definite size but no definite shape. It takes the shape of its container. A gas has neither definite size nor definite shape. It takes the size & shape of its container.

Density = Mass/Volume Units of Density: g/cm3, kg/m3, g/mL Density Which weighs more, a kilogram of iron or a kilogram of feathers? The same! Which is more dense, a kilogram of iron or a kilogram of feathers? The iron! Density = Mass/Volume Units of Density: g/cm3, kg/m3, g/mL A rectangular solid has dimensions 8.0 cm long, 5.0 cm wide, and 2.0 cm thick. It has a mass of 1.6 kg. What is its density in g/cm3? Volume = length x width x thickness Density = Mass/Volume Density = 1600g/80 cm3 Volume = 8.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm Density = 20g/cm3 Volume = 80 cm3 Mass = 1.6 kg = 1600 g

Density = Mass/Volume Density of Water = 1 g/cm3 Water has its maximum density at a temperature of approximately 4o C 1 cm3 1 g of water at a temperature of 4o C has a volume of 1 cm3 (1 mL). Density = Mass/Volume Density of Water = 1 g/cm3 Density of Water = 1 g/mL If the density of an object is less than or equal to 1 g/cm3 , it will float. If the density of an object is greater than 1 g/cm3 , it will sink.

Measuring Volume Rectangular Solid Volume = length x width x thickness V = L x W x T Cylinder L A Volume = Cross Sectional Area x Length V = A x L A = πr2 V = πr2L

Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids Volume of the irregular solid = Volume of water displaced V = V2 – V1

Using the density of water to measure the volume of a container. Determine the mass of the empty flask, m1. Empty Flask Fill the flask with water. Determine the mass of the flask & water, m2. Determine the mass water, m3 , as follows: m3 = m2 – m1 Use the density equation to find the volume. Filled with water Density = mass /volume Volume = mass /Density Volume = m3 /1g/cm3 Volume of the water = Volume of the Flask

Scaling

Scaling Area= 6 cm2 Side = 1 cm Scale Factor = 1 Volume = 1 cm3 Area/Volume = 6 Side = 2 cm Area = 24 cm2 Scale Factor = 2 Volume = 8 cm3 Area/Volume = 3 Side = 10 cm Scale Factor = 10 Area = 600 cm2 Area/Volume = .6 Volume= 1000 cm3

Scale Factor = 1 Area/Volume = 6 Scale Factor = 2 Area/Volume = 3 Heat Loss is proportional to Area Heat Production is proportional to Volume Heat Loss/Heat Production = Area/Volume Heat Loss is 6 times as great as the Heat Production for the small cube. Scale Factor = 10 Area/Volume = .6 Heat Loss is .6 times as great as the Heat Production for the cube scaled up by 10. The small cube losses heat at 10 times the rate as the large cube.

Scale Factor = 1 Area/Volume = 6 Scale Factor = 2 Area/Volume = 3 Amount of skin is proportional to Area Weight is proportional to Volume Amount of Skin/Weight = Area/Volume A pound of small potatoes has more skin than a pound of large potatoes. Scale Factor = 10 Area/Volume = .6 I you want to make mashed potatoes you get more with large potatoes.

Which is stronger: an elephant or an ant?

“She eats like a bird.” “He eats like a horse.”

Why does a fly often get water logged and become unable to fly from a body of water?