Chemistry in the Community Unit 1 – Water : Exploring Solutions Section A – Sources and Uses of Water

Chemistry in the Community Water Data Table Due Friday Assignment 1 Read “Fish Kill Triggers....” article pgs 4-5 Summarize article Theorize cause Read A.1 Town in Crisis pgs 7-8 Sum up two main questions for Unit 1

Humans have historically struggled with accessing water supplies. A.1 Town in Crisis Anytown, Planet Earth (Riverwood Fictional example) Can we get enough water to supply our needs? Can we get sufficiently pure water? Humans have historically struggled with accessing water supplies. The cost of producing 100% pure water is extremely high.

A.1 Town in Crisis (continued) Global average water footprint is 1240 m3/yr/cap. In the USA the average water footprint is 2500 m3/yr/cap. In China the average water footprint is 700 m3/yr/cap. Green means the water footprint is equal to or smaller than the global average. Countries with red have a water footprint beyond the global average. Time Period for data: 1997-2001.

A.2 Uses of Water # of persons # of baths Your household Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Date # of persons # of baths # of showers (ave. duration in minutes) # of toilet flushes # of hand-washed loads of dishes # of machine-washed loads of dishes # of machine-washed loads of laundry # of lawn or garden watering (ave. duration in minutes) # of car washes # of cups of water (est.) for cooking and drinking # of times water runs in sink (ave. duration in minutes) Other uses & frequency

A.4 Water Supply and Demand U.S. Water supply

A.4 Water Supply and Demand (continued) Per our book , a U.S. family of 4 (two adults & two children) uses and average of 1480 liters daily. This represents direct water use that which can be directly measured. Example – consumed by drinking

A.4 Water Supply and Demand (continued) There is also indirect water use hidden uses of water that are more difficult to measure. Washing a pet is an example of indirect water use. (more difficult to measure, quantify)

A.5 Water Uses in the United States Percent of Water Used Region Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii Domestic 11 15 10 12 30 41 Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 57 Industry 5 6 7 4 2 Mining 55 Steam/electric 48 78 63 1. For each region in the U.S., name the greatest single use of water.

A.5 Water Uses in the United States Percent of Water Used Region Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii Domestic 11 15 10 12 30 41 Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 57 Industry 5 6 7 4 2 Mining 55 Steam/electric 48 78 63 2. Explain the difference in how water is used in the East & the West. What other regional factors help explain the general patterns of water use?

A.5 Water Uses in the United States Percent of Water Used Region Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii Domestic 11 15 10 12 30 41 Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 57 Industry 5 6 7 4 2 Mining 55 Steam/electric 48 78 63 3. List 2 factors within each region that could explain their greatest water use.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water The hydrological cycle is the name given in nature that involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation’s effects.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Evaporation occurs when the sun shines on wet surfaces. 13

A.6 Where is the World’s Water The largest amount of the Earth's water is held in the oceans. 14

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Water from the oceans cannot be used without purification because it contains a significant amount of salt. 15

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Distillation is not used to purify most tap water because the process is too expensive. 16

A.6 Where is the World’s Water 17

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Earth’s Water Distribution 18

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Rivers, lakes, and streams are examples of surface water. 19

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Most of the Earth's supply of fresh water is found in glaciers/ice caps. 20

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Glaciers/ice caps are the reservoir which can provide us with the highest purity water. 21

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Porous rocks that contain water are commonly used as a water-supply in rural areas and are referred to as aquifers. Sandstone ~10% porosity 22

A.6 Where is the World’s Water Aquifers – N.E. FWIW Sole Source aquifer means that is the ONLY source for that area 23

A.6 Where is the World’s Water The best source of water for a home in a rural location that is far from lakes or rivers is groundwater. 24

A.8 Water Use 1) List three water uses that you could do without.

A.8 Water Use (continued) 2) List one activity that you could not do without.

A.8 Water Use (continued) 3) For which tasks could you reduce your water use? How?

A.8 Water Use (continued) 4) Impurities added by using water for one particular use may not prevent its reuse for other purposes. For example you might decide to save hand-washing water and use it later to bathe your dog. For which activities could you use such impure water? From which prior uses could this water be taken?