States of Matter 1. Develop a rule for each category. This rule should explain why each item is in that category. Hint: figure out what all items in a category have in common. Category 1 -Gasoline - Mercury - Rubbing Alcohol - Tap Water - Kerosene Category 2 -Neon - Oxygen - Carbon Monoxide -Carbon Dioxide - Nitrogen - Helium Category 3 -Silver - Sodium Chloride (salt) - Gold - Wood - Aluminum

Testers 2. Write down each of the following and decide which category they would be in based on your rule. Bottled perfume Marble Coffee Air Concrete Hydrogen

STATES OF MATTER Matter can be classified into groups based on the shape and volume of their moving particles –SOLID –LIQUID –GAS –PLASMA

SOLID - state of matter when materials have definite shape and definite volume – Atoms are packed tightly together –Atoms are arranged neatly, orderly –Atoms vibrate around the same location

Examples of Solids are Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popcscle

Liquid- state of matter when materials have definite volume and indefinite shape – L iquid takes the same shape as its container –Particles FLOW past one another easily –Atoms are close, but not tight –Atoms are randomly arranged

Examples of Liquids are Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar

Gas – state of matter when materials have indefinite shape AND indefinite volume – Take shape and volume of container –Atoms spread to fit container –Atoms move rapidly, constantly –Atoms randomly arranged with large spaces between them

Examples of Gases are Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium

Plasma – state of matter made up of small electrically charged particles –Found where there is high temperature and pressure –Rare to find on Earth –Ex, lightning –Used in fluorescent light bulbs and neon lights

MATTER Kinetic Energy (KE) - energy of motion Higher KE = Higher Temperature –All matter is made of millions of tiny particles – these particles are constantly moving, and have KE

Order the states of matter from lowest KE to highest KE -Solid -Liquid -Gas -Plasma

SHAPEVOLUME DRAW A DIAGRAM of the molecules GIVE AN EXAMPLE SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Physical Changes- physical properties change but the substance is still the same

Phase Change - reversible physical change from one state to another – heat energy is absorbed or released

Energy determines the state!

Add or Subtract Energy... When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

Melting – changing from solid to liquid – When a solid gains heat –Temperature and energy INCREASE

Freezing – changing from liquid to solid – When a liquid loses heat –Baked cookies are actually FROZEN because they are solid. –Freezing does not always mean COLD. –Freezing point and melting point are the same temperature

Evaporation – changing from a liquid to a gas –Only liquid touching air evaporates –Temperature is below boiling point –Water VAPOR or STEAM = gas – More area = faster evaporation

Vaporization (boiling) – Change of liquid to a gas- when vapor pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure and bubbling occurs –Vapor pressure - pressure created by moving gas particles bumping into each other or the container –Atmospheric pressure – pressure outside the container

Condensation – change from gas to liquid –Water vapor particles hit a cool surface, lose heat, and change into water Sublimation- change from solid to gas –NO LIQUID IN BETWEEN –Dry ice

Bla hbl ah bla hbl ahb hla Red = heating Blue = cooling

Thermal Expansion and Contraction Tendency of matter to expand or contract as a result of changes in temperature. Typically: when heat is added, matter expands and when heat is removed matter contracts. Expand: Get larger Contract: Get smaller

Starter 11/7 Determine what characteristics the “Yes” examples share. Write a list. YESNO -Gasoline burns in a car engine -An iron nail rusts -A copper roof turns green -Food is digested -Photosynthesis occurs in a plant -A silver spoon turns black -Wax on a candle melts -Ice melts in a cold drink -Frost forms on a window -Water boils in a kettle -Glass shatters -Alcohol and water mix together -Oil and water do not mix together

Part 2 Write down the following list and decide whether they are “Yes” or “No” -Sugar is used by the body to produce energy -Snow changes to water vapor -Sugar dissolves in water -Salt water evaporates to dryness -Wood burns in a campfire -“Crazy Glue” hardens when exposed to air

After reading “Was it a Chemical Change” Flip the paper over and answer these questions: 1.Summarize the article in 3 or more sentences 2.Create a list of the indicators (how you know) a chemical change occurred 3.What do you think catalysts are? Write where you got that information (the actual words) 4.Explain the difference between a chemical and physical change. How can you separate substances that have been chemically changed?

Starter 11/5