GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A CANCER TREATMENT BY: CELIA DUNN

BACKGROUND OF CANCER TREATMENTS Egypt 3000B.C. Egypt 3000B.C – First Autopsy 1761 – First Autopsy 19 th Century- Birth of Oncology 19 th Century- Birth of Oncology In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab animals for the first time In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab animals for the first time Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Targeted Therapy Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Targeted Therapy

STATISTICS Over 50 Different Types of Cancer Over 50 Different Types of Cancer Over 12 Million People Impacted Globally Over 12 Million People Impacted Globally Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U.S. Alone Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U.S. Alone – 35% Death Rate

THE PROBLEM Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone which can make them inoperable and require extensive treatments which are extremely harsh on healthy cells. Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone which can make them inoperable and require extensive treatments which are extremely harsh on healthy cells.

TWO EXPERIMENTS 1- Swinburne University of Technology 2- Rice University

SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Used Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in Cells Used Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in Cells

HOW IT WORKS 1- Gold Nanoparticles Infect Cancer Cells 2- High Heat FLMS Laser Pulses are Sent into Tumor Site and Hit Gold Nanoparticles 3- Gold Nanoparticles Heat up and Cause Major Damage in Cells - HYPERTHERMIA 4- Cell Death

RICE UNIVERSITY Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics” Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics”

“QUADRAPEUTICS” 1. LASER PULSE 1. LASER PULSE 2. X-RAYS (3-6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE) 2. X-RAYS (3-6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE) 3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES 3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES 4. DRUGS 4. DRUGS

HOW IT WORKS 1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells 1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells 2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles 2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles 3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse 3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse Nano Particles Turn into Nanobubbles Nano Particles Turn into Nanobubbles 4. Low Dose of Radiation 4. Low Dose of Radiation RESULTS: Intracellular Explosions RESULTS: Intracellular Explosions 17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy 17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy

SUCESS SUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICE SUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICE

DIFFERENCES 1- Swinburne University of Technology 1- Swinburne University of Technology Relies on high heat lasers Relies on high heat lasers Does not use Drugs Does not use Drugs Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment 2- Rice University 2- Rice University Uses Low Heat Lasers Uses Low Heat Lasers Uses Drugs Uses Drugs Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology Experiment Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology Experiment

RISKS Could Kill too Many Healthy Cells Could Kill too Many Healthy Cells Cause Major Tissue Damage to Organs Cause Major Tissue Damage to Organs

FUTURE MOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALS MOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALS CURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORS CURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORS CURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERS CURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERS LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC.. LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC..

REFERENCES Facts, Cancer. & Figures 2014 (n.d.): n. pag. American Cancer Society. ACS, Web. 19 Sept For Written Permission, Address The Legal Department Of, The American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Nw,, and Ga Atlanta. "Global Cancer Facts and Figures." Global Cancer (n.d.): n. pag.American Cancer Society. ACS, Web. 19 Sept Johnson, Dexter. "Cancer Bursting Nanobubbles Prove Effectiveness in Preclinical Trials." - IEEE Spectrum. IEEE Spectrum, June-July Web. 19 Sept Li, Jing-Liang, and Min Gu. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Cancer Photothermal Therapy." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16.4 (2010): Web. Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina, Xiangwei Wu, Xiaoyang Ren, Vladimir Torchilin, and Rupa Sawant. "Rice-developed Technology Effective Against Aggressive Cancer." Rice University News & Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept "The History of Cancer." The History of Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept Pictures: Pictures: