Latin American Artists

Map of Mexico

Diego Rivera

*Born in Guanajuato, Mexico 1886 *Well-off family Mother’s side Jewish Mother’s side Jewish Father’s side Spanish nobility Father’s side Spanish nobility

Diego Rivera *Studied at Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City at age 10 in Mexico City at age 10 *Sponsored to study in Europe by governor of State of Veracruz 1907 *Studied in France, Spain and Italy *Returned to Mexico in 1920

Diego Rivera *1922 founded Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters & of Technical Workers, Painters & Sculptors Sculptors *1922 joined the Mexican Communist Party

Diego Rivera *Believed art was for everyone, especially the poor & working class *Often painted revolutionary themes *Depicted social issues and hardships of everyday life *Championed the causes of oppressed

Diego Rivera *Believed communism would better the life of the poor the life of the poor *Believed communism was crucial change needed to rid Mexico of desperate poverty *Housed Leon Trotsky & family

Diego Rivera * Angelina Belhoff (common law wife) Son 1916 ~ Diego Son 1916 ~ Diego Daughter 1918 ~ (from affair) Daughter 1918 ~ (from affair)

Diego Rivera *1922 – 1929 Guadalupe Marin (wife) Two daughters Two daughters * , Frida Kahlo (wife) (wife)

Diego Rivera * Emma Hurtado (wife) agent since 1946 (wife) agent since 1946 *Died November 24, 1957 of heart failure

Diego Rivera *Painted many murals in Mexico --Secretariat of Public Education --Secretariat of Public Education --National School of Architecture --National School of Architecture --Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca --Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca --National Palace in Mexico City --National Palace in Mexico City

Diego Rivera *1930 traveled to United States --Stock Exchange --Stock Exchange --California School of Fine Art --California School of Fine Art --DIA ( ) --DIA ( )

Flower Festival Feast of Santa

El Vendedor de Alcatraces

Peasants

The Flower Carrier

Retrato de Ignacio

In the Arsenal

Dream of Sunday in Alameda Park

Detroit Industry

Frida Kahlo

*Born in Coyoacan, Mexico 1907 * Mexican Revolution 1910 * Blended family Mother’s side indigenous Mother’s side indigenous Father’s side German Father’s side German

Frida Kahlo

*Age 6 contracted polio, left right leg thinner than left *Wanted to study medicine *Fell in love with gang leader in high school (Alejandro Gomez Arias) (Alejandro Gomez Arias)

Frida Kahlo *September 17, 1925 bus accident *broken spinal column, collarbone, ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right leg, ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right leg, crushed & dislocated foot and crushed & dislocated foot and dislocated shoulder dislocated shoulder *Handrail pierced abdomen & uterus

Frida Kahlo *Gave up study of medicine *Taught herself to paint while recuperating *Used mirror & painted flat on her back

Frida Kahlo “I never painted dreams, I painted my own reality” --Frida my own reality” --Frida *stark portrayals of pain *symbolic monkey (lust)

Frida Kahlo *approached Diego Rivera for artistic advice * married The Elephant & the Dove The Elephant & the Dove *Tumultuous relationship & firey temperaments temperaments

Frida Kahlo

*Frida in the US --art was not popular --art was not popular --disgusted by American customs --disgusted by American customs --was in Diego’s shadow --was in Diego’s shadow --Americans thought she was --Americans thought she was outrageous. outrageous.

Frida Kahlo *Died July 13, 1954 officially – pulmonary embolism officially – pulmonary embolism possibly – overdose possibly – overdose “I hope the exit is joyful and I hope to never return” --Frida

Self Portrait w/Monkey

Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky

Diego en mi Pensamiento

Las Dos Fridas

Diego and Frida

Self-Portrait w/Flowers

Jose Clemente Orozco

*Born in Jalisco, Mexico 1883 *Inspired as young boy by illustrator Jose Guadalupe Posada to become artist *Attended Academia de San Carlos (agriculture) (agriculture)

Jose Clemente Orozco * worked as political cartoonist for local newspapers *1922 started to paint murals (human tragedy of revolution) (human tragedy of revolution) * lived in USA mechanization & dehumanization of life mechanization & dehumanization of life

Jose Clemente Orozco *1935 returned to Mexico --Guadalajara’s Hospicio Cabanas --Guadalajara’s Hospicio Cabanas --Gabino Ortiz Library --Gabino Ortiz Library --Government Palace --Government Palace --National Preparatory School --National Preparatory School

Jose Clemente Orozco *Left hand blown off in gunpowder accident ~ hands big deal in his works *1923 Margarita Valladares (wife) 3 children 3 children

Jose Clemente Orozco *Mexican social realist painter *most complex of Mexican muralists *painted human suffering & political views but less realistic than Rivera

Jose Clemente Orozco *1948 raided del Prado Hotel w/Rivera, Kahlo & Siquieros to add “does not exist” to mural *September 7, 1949 died

Mural of Hidalgo at City Hall

Dartmouth Mural

Departure of Quetzalcoatl

The Coming of Quetzalcoatl

Mural at Hospicio Cabanas

Mural at Government Palace

Mural at University of Guadalajara

Mural at Chamber of Deputies

David Alfaro Siqueiros

* Born in Chihuahua, Mexico 1896 *Well-off family Mother’s side musicians Mother’s side musicians Father’s side Portuguese Father’s side Portuguese

David Alfaro Siqueiros *Older sister & brother *Mother died when he was two *Raised by grandparents 9 years *Father a devout Catholic

David Alfaro Siqueiros *Attended a religious primary school *Attended National Academy of Fine Arts (15yrs) involved in student (15yrs) involved in student protest regarding teaching methods protest regarding teaching methods & demanded removal of director & demanded removal of director

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1914 joined Carranza’s Constitutional Army against Huerta government *Exposed to indigenous Mexican culture & struggles of rural poor

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1919 left to study in Europe --fresco, cubisim, use of intense --fresco, cubisim, use of intense colors colors *1922 returned to Mexico --muralist for Obregon’s --muralist for Obregon’s revolutionary government revolutionary government

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1923 founded Syndicate of Revolutionary Mexican Painters --National Prepatory School & other --National Prepatory School & other prominent buildings prominent buildings *Deeply entrenched in labor activities, unions & Mexican Communist Party

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1930’s jailed and internal exiled --politically themed lithographs --politically themed lithographs * commanded several brigades during Spanish Civil War --rose to lieutenant colonel --rose to lieutenant colonel

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1940 led an assassination attack on Leon Trotsky’s house *1947 exhibited 70 easel paintings at Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico

David Alfaro Siqueiros Trotskyhouse

* painted most famous murals *1959 jailed by President Adolfo Lopez Mateos for supporting leaders of railroad workers union

David Alfaro Siqueiros *1964 released from jail --partisan of international Marxism --partisan of international Marxism --supporter of Castro --supporter of Castro

David Alfaro Siqueiros * set up workshop in Cuernavaca --The March of Humanity --The March of Humanity *1966 awarded Lenin Peace Prize *died January 6, 1974

Mexico ~ Ministry of Education

Revolution

Chuahtemoc Ressurected

New Democracy

Peasant Mother

Mujer en la carcel

Fuga (Escape)

Paisaje Explosive

Jesusito Sera un Santo

Rufino Tamayo

*Born in Oaxaca, Mexico 1899 *Zapotecan Indians --Orphaned by Orphaned by Lived with aunt in --Lived with aunt in Mexico City Mexico City

Rufino Tamayo *1917 entered Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes --experimented with cubism, --experimented with cubism, impressionism and fauvism but impressionism and fauvism but mixed with Mexican feel mixed with Mexican feel

Rufino Tamayo *Painted traditional Mexico *Refusal to follow political trend of Rivera, Orozco & Siqueiros labeled him a traitor *1926 traveled to New York to express his art freely

Rufino Tamayo *1929 returned to Mexico for solo art show met with considerable media coverage & praise *Mixografia – artwork printed on paper but with depth and texture *Painted murals

Rufino Tamayo * moved to New York with wife Olga --gained credibility in many gallery --gained credibility in many gallery shows shows *still haunted by political differences & controversy

Rufino Tamayo *Style expresses influence of Picasso, Braque, Expressionism and Abstraction Braque, Expressionism and Abstraction *Delicate in design, warmly subtle in coloration, symbolic

Rufino Tamayo *work shows pre-Columbian influences in references to religion where gods have human & animal characteristics

Rufino Tamayo * moved to Paris *1959 returned to Oaxaca, Mexico --built Museo Rufino Tamayo --built Museo Rufino Tamayo *1988 won Belisario Dominguez Medal of Honor of Honor

Rufino Tamayo *died June 24, 1991 of stroke *1970 painting Tres Personajes bought in 1977 by Houston man as a gift for his wife in 1977 by Houston man as a gift for his wife

Rufino Tamayo *1987 Tres Personajes stolen from storage unit *2003 Tres Personajes found in trash in New York City by Elizabeth Gibson *2007 Gibson received $15,000 reward and part of $1,049,000 auction sales price

The Fruit Vendor

Landscape

Tres Personjaes

Dos Figuras

Trovador

El Comedor de Sandias

America (Mural)

Luna y Sol

Mujer Sonriente

Cabeza con Sombrero