 Define HIV and AIDS  Awareness of modes of transmission and signs and symptoms  Define safety and preventative measures  Define Infected Health Care Workers rights and responsibilities

 Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome  Final stage of HIV  Diagnosed when: Have one or more opportunistic infections Have certain cancers Have very low Tcell counts

 Thought to be derived from chimpanzees most likely via hunting  June 5, 1981; First official reporting of AIDS related symptoms  January 1982; First American AIDS clinic opens in San Francisco  September 24, 1982; “AIDS” used for the first time

 September 2, 1983; First set of occupational exposure precautions published  1985; First testing to detect HIV antibodies in blood  1987; Improvements made in HIV antibody testing  1989; US reported cases of AIDS reaches 100,000

 Fever  Swollen glands  Sore throat  Rash  Fatigue  Muscle and joint aches and pains  Headache

 Rapid weight loss  Recurring fever or profuse night sweats  Extreme and unexplained tiredness  Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck  Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week  Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals  Pneumonia  Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids  Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

 Do not recap needles  Proper disposal of sharps  Use of appropriate barriers and personal protective equipment  Hand hygiene

 Average risk with needle stick or cut is 1 in 300  Average risk associated with eye, nose or mouth exposure is 1 in 1,000  Average risk associated with exposure to non intact skin is 0.1%  No risk of infection after exposure to intact skin

 Right to privacy  Right to appropriate advice and treatment  Right to support and encouragement to continue practicing  Responsibility to do no harm  Responsibility to consistently follow universal precautions and infection control policies

 Percutaneous Injury Fatigue of staff Personal problems causing distraction Stress Not following policy or procedure Staff rushing to complete task

 Risk Reduction Ongoing education on importance of following policy and procedures Ongoing education on prevention of percutaneous injuries Ongoing assessment for signs of stress and burn out Encompass

 Rosemarie Rizzo Parse  The Human Becoming Theory  Focus on quality of life  Centered around three themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence

 Health Belief Model  Developed in the 1950’s by social psychologists Godfrey Hochbaum, Irwin Rosenstock, and Stephen Kegels  Framework for motivating people to take positive health actions  Avoidance of negative health outcomes

 Six major concepts Perceived Susceptibility Perceived Severity Perceived Benefits Perceived Barriers Cues to Action Self-Efficacy

 Quality Improvement Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes improve methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems  Safety Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance Following policies and procedures Proper use of PPE

 Standard 8: Education Prevention is key  Standard 9: EBP and research Continuing to research for new treatments Research standards of care Development of new safety devices for prevention of percutaneous injury  Standard 14:Professional practice evaluation evaluates her or his own nursing practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, rules and regulations

 HIV and AIDS remains a threat  Promotion of healthy lifestyles is key  Consistent adherence to policy and procedures  Education  Awareness

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