© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Animation & VideoVideo

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Animation

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. “Animation can enhance your multimedia applications by significantly improving learning, motivation, and attitudes and to reducing the time needed for learning. An animation gives apparent life to a graph by representing a series of images that change over time. This motion resembles a video sequence, except that an artist creates that animation with a computer tool or sequence of manual drawings rather than a film of real objects in motion. For this reason, you may find video production easier than animation.” Walsh, 1995, p. 166

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. High labor requirements tend to make animations a costly type of resource. Nontrivial animations usually require a labor-intensive process to complete. You can buy many generic animation clips on CD-ROM that will enhance multimedia presentations and productions. However, it can be difficult finding ones that meet specific needs. Some Considerations

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. More and more animations are appearing on the Internet. These can be simple animated gifs, or more sophisticated VRML sites. Just as with sound on the Internet, animation files must first be downloaded to the client computer, and then they are played. We will also examine the streaming of animation/video when we examine multimedia on the Internet. Don’t Forget the Web!

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. mouse from a CD-ROM

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Animated Gifs from the Web

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. VR from the Web

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. from the Web VR

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Video Screen Capture

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. from the Internet made with Digital Morph 2.7 MB Morph

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Morph 43.8 MB!!!

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Warp

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Video

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. “Video can be the most stimulating element of multimedia because it includes the simultaneous playback of graphic images with synchronized sound. Video is the real life element of multi- media. When video is playing on the screen, a person’s attention will more likely be captivated than with the other elements. The video subtopic presents information about video techniques, compression, uses of video, computer generated effects and file formats.” Sprankle and Johnson

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Who hasn’t wanted to do this !!!

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Typical Video Production System Digital IEEE 1394 Firewire (Mac) i.Link (Sony) or USB 2.0 DVD

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Need a digital camera to capture image Need a 1394 card for the computer or a USB 2.0 port Need a 1394 or USB cable to connect the digital camera to the computer AND Software to transfer/capture the video information AND Software to transfer/capture the video information 6-pin 4-pin Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Need an analog camera to capture image Need a video capture device for the computer Need a specific cables to connect the analog camera to the computer RCA S-video AND Software to transfer/capture the video information AND Software to transfer/capture the video information Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. AND Software to play/capture the video information AND Software to play/capture the video information Need a coaxial cable to connect Time-Warner to the computer Coaxial Cable Need a video capture device for the computer TV Tuner Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Transferring Analog Video to a Computer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. EDC 601 Instructional Technologies

© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. QuickCam (Mac & PC) USB port 640 x 480 window (max) 5 KHz sampling rate 15 fps (max) Webcam Video Input Devices

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Note: It can also be used for still graphics Note: It can also be used for still graphics Webcam Video Input Devices

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Sanyo MM-7400 USB port + Transfer software 175 x 145 window 30 seconds “economy” (max) 15 seconds “rich” (max) Multimedia Cell Phones

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Note: It can also be used for still graphics Note: It can also be used for still graphics Multimedia Cell Phones

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. FILE FORMATS

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Animation/Video Files .AVI (PC) .MOV (Mac) .MPeG .3g2 .GIF (Office2000/XP/2003/2007 & Browsers) .SCM (Lotus) .SWF (Shockwave) .RA (streaming)

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. SOFTWARE

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Basically there are three types of software to: Create/Capture Edit Play Note: These are not mutually exclusive. Note: These are not mutually exclusive. Animation/Video Software

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. GIF Construction Set Kai’s Power Tools ($125) & Digital Morph ($19) - Camtasia ($299) Animation Creation Software

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Purpose of this software is to capture, and compress video, and to interleave it with incoming audio. May be bundled with video capture hardware. Range in price and functionality: –Mid Range – Pinnacle Studio –High End – Adobe Premiere Video Creation Software

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. VIDEO COMPRESSION

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Uncompressed video takes huge amounts of storage space. With compression, anywhere up to to 72 minutes of MPEG quality compressed video will fit on a CD-ROM. Because of low bandwidth, the Web requires “streaming” video such as RealVideo, VIVO, or Shockwave.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Popular Codecs include Cinepack, Indeo, Indeo Interactive, RLE, and Microsoft Video. Purpose is to eliminate redundant video artifacts/data via prediction between frames. Keep user platform in mind when choosing a Codec. CODEC - COmpression/DECompression

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Streamed Media Revisited

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. H igh Compression

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Consider the following example: FloppyFloppy (.AVI – 8.9MB) Floppy (56k –.357MB) Floppy Floppy (LAN – 1.7MB) Floppy (28k –.214MB) Floppy In my computer literacy courses I have used FLOPPY.AVI to demonstrate how a floppy disk drive works. Let's see what happens if I placed this file on a streaming server…

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. In fall 1999, I used Distributed/Distance Leaning to teach EDC500. Since the file sizes were large, I used ScreenCam to narrate my PowerPoint presentations and placed them on a CD-ROM. I recently revised the videos using Camtasia, and, because of widespread broadband connections, I have placed these files on a Web server. Another method could be to stream them using RealPresenter. But since this software does not produce a clear screen image, I rejected it. Consider the following example:

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. RealNetworks RealPlayer (free – plus version $20) &cpath=realhomeg&src=realhomeg_ Real Producer (free – plus version $200) &cpath=realhomeg&src=realhomeg_ Universal Server (Basic - free – $1,995 serves 4 Mbps streams) forms.real.com/rnforms/products/servers/eval/mbps.html

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Creation /Editing Software Adobe Premier Pro 1.5 ($699) – (PC & Mac) Movie Maker – comes with Windows Me/XP/Vista Final Cut Pro ($1,000) - (Mac)

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Movie Maker

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Playback Software Media Player (Windows) - player for AVI and MPG files (New Version!!!) download/default.asp Real Player (PC & Mac) - player for AVI, MPG, and MOV files ath=realhomeg&src=realhomeg_ ath=realhomeg&src=realhomeg_ Quick Time (PC & Mac) - player for AVI, MPG, and MOV files

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Animation Sources I have found the best source for animation to be on CD’s. This is especially true of the supporting materials that publishers are supplying with conventional textbooks. We are presently examining new literacy texts, and all major publishers are producing CD’s to accompany their texts. As may be expected, the quality of these varies greatly. One of our decisions is how to use them - optionally packaged with the books or do we place a copy on the LAN?

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Once again, I have found the best source for video to be on CD’s. This is also true of the previously mentioned supporting materials that publishers are supplying with their computer literacy textbooks. Since this a large market and students are already using the computer as a component of these courses, publishers have begun to produce multimedia materials on CD-ROM to supplement their textbooks. This may not be true for other subject areas. Video Sources