Finding Comprehensive Sexuality Education Online: A Content Analysis of Sex Education Websites for Adolescents Sara S. Marques, MPH; Aubrey Daquiz, BA;

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Finding Comprehensive Sexuality Education Online: A Content Analysis of Sex Education Websites for Adolescents Sara S. Marques, MPH; Aubrey Daquiz, BA; Summer Starling, MPH; Kim Garcia, BHSc With thanks to Norman A. Constantine, PhD; Eva S. Goldfarb, PhD; Jessica Lin, MPH; Tamar Antin, DrPH Center for Research on Adolescent Health and Development, Public Health Institute Background Adolescents routinely seek answers to their sexual health questions online. Yet, few studies have sought to identify the content and messages being conveyed by sexuality education websites for adolescents. This understanding is essential in determining how to strengthen the potential of such websites to promote the goals and perspectives of comprehensive sexuality education. Purpose To examine the extent to which popular sexuality education websites for adolescents represent a comprehensive sexuality education perspective. Conceptual Framework This project is informed by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) Framework for Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE). This CSE Framework designates seven components as essential to CSE: gender, sexual and reproductive health and HIV, sexual rights and citizenship, pleasure, violence, diversity, and relationships. Methods Design. Qualitative methodology. Codebook developed to align with IPPF framework. Consists of 26 primary codes and sub-codes around main CSE components. Five independent coders coded websites using the software Atlas.ti. Sample. 14 websites were determined eligible if they were active; had original content; were open access; were written in English; were targeted toward youth, included more than one sexuality topic, and stated a focus on sexuality education. Data Analysis. Themes identified through: code occurrence and co-occurrence tools, review of coder field notes and memos, and discussion of emerging themes in iterative qualitative process. How comprehensive are sex education websites for teens? Conclusions and Next Steps Content on adolescent sexuality websites varies. However, many are focused on the common prevention-focused sexuality education tenets of STI/HIV and pregnancy prevention. Further analyses on this dataset and emergent themes are underway to clarify what information is being disseminated. Emergent Themes Developmental appropriateness of sites for actual and intended users hard to determine Large gaps in information about pleasure Differing messages conveyed to LGBT and non-LGBT audiences Many sites conveyed unrealistically high standards for readiness to engage in sexual intercourse Key Findings Range in line with IPPF Framework Narrow view of sexual and reproductive health Focus on decision- making and peer influences Pleasure addressed with qualifications Sites rarely explicit about target audience More common Less common Other Content on sexual and reproductive health Sexual rights, pleasure, violence, gender, and diversity Most sites addressed each component of framework at least once Biology of sexual and reproductive health, STIs & HIV, and pregnancy prevention Pregnancy options, developmental aspects of sexual and reproductive health STI discussion ranged from minimal to extensive Social, emotional, and cognitive influences N/A Loss of “virginity” as a key focal point around decision-making References implied & without detail; focus on biology of pleasure Explicit language about sexual pleasure Often qualified with statements about risk Implicitly target heterosexual female audiences Specific age group targeted within and among sites Content for LGBT and males tended to be in separate sections. Size representation of weighted distribution of codes across all websites Funding from the Ford Foundation and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation