10.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Goals  Understand networking concepts  Understand network protocols  Identify the fundamentals of TCP/IP  Configure TCP/IP  Examine IP addressing in TCP/IP  Troubleshoot TCP/IP  Examine Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

10.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts Basic concepts and terminology  To understand how communication occurs in a Windows Server 2003 network, you must first understand some basic networking concepts, including several definitions  Protocol  Packets  Network interface card (NIC)  Network Driver Interface Specifications (NDIS) (Skill 1)

10.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (2) Basic concepts and terminology  Protocol  Provides a set of rules and standards for data transfer  Computers must share at least one common protocol to exchange data  Defines the methods of formatting data into discrete units, called packets (also known as datagrams, segments, or frames), transfers these units across networks, and provides the rules for interpreting them  IP packet  Consists of three sections: header, data, and footer (also known as the trailer)  Packets are sent and received through network media (Skill 1)

10.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (3) Basic concepts and terminology  Network media  Consists of physical wiring that can be made of copper, fiber- optic, or even wireless (radio wave-based or infrared) media  This wiring is connected to a network interface card in the computer  Network interface card (NIC)  A computer can have more than one NIC installed  Each NIC has a unique address called the media access control (MAC) address assigned by the manufacturer of the NIC  Each NIC has a set of software drivers, which follow the NDIS standard for API development, to encode and decode data (Skill 1)

10.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-1 Packet Structure (Skill 1)

10.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (4) Basic concepts and terminology  Binding  A process that configures a protocol to make use of a specific NIC  Provides information about available network services that client computers can use to make connections over a network  During the installation of Windows Server 2003, each protocol that is installed is bound to the NIC  Network Driver Interface Specifications (NDIS) allows you to bind multiple protocols to a NIC and enables each protocol to send information on the same network (Skill 1)

10.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (5) Basic concepts and terminology  Binding order  Establishes the protocol to use first when a network connection is established  The client computer in an exchange determines the protocol to use to establish the connection  You can manually change the binding order of the protocols to enhance network performance (Skill 1)

10.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (6) Basic concepts and terminology  Networks are classified into three types based on the location and proximity of the computers  Local Area Network (LAN): Used to connect computers, printers, and other devices in the same physical location or within a limited geographic area, such as an office building  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): When you connect two or more LANs within the same city, the resulting network is known as a MAN  Wide Area Network (WAN): When you connect two or more geographically separated LANs or MANs, the resulting network is called a WAN (Skill 1)

10.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (7) Basic concepts and terminology  Network topologies  The cables that join computers in a network can have different layouts called network topologies  Network topologies are often separated into two types  Physical network topology describes how the devices are cabled  Logical network topology describes the logical path each packet will take across the network (Skill 1)

10.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (8) Basic concepts and terminology  Network topologies  In a bus/bus (physical bus, logical bus) topology, such as 10Base-2 or Thin Ethernet, the nodes (all devices that are capable of communicating on the network) are wired in a bus, meaning they all connect to the same physical cable  This type of physical topology requires that each end of the bus be terminated to prevent signals from rebounding at the end of each bus and causing signal errors  This is also a logical bus, because each data transmission must pass through each computer regardless of the final destination (Skill 1)

10.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts ( 9) Basic concepts and terminology  Network topologies  In a physical ring topology, adjacent devices are connected and the nodes are arranged in a circular shape  Each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it, and no terminator is necessary, which is sometimes referred to as a closed loop configuration  Messages travel around the ring and each node will receive all messages, but each node only listens to messages that are addressed to it (Skill 1)

10.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-2 Changing the binding order Use the Up and Down arrow buttons to change the order in which protocols are bound to the NIC (Skill 1)

10.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-3 Bus network topology (Skill 1)

10.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-4 Ring network topology (Skill 1)

10.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (10) Basic concepts and terminology  Routable protocols  Can route through LANs and WANs via a router  Examples include TCP/IP and NWLink  Routable protocols  Can only be used on a local subnet  Examples include NetBEUI and Data Link Control (DLC), which are quickly becoming obsolete (Skill 1)

10.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Networking Concepts (11) Basic concepts and terminology  Transport protocols  Connection-oriented protocol  Establishes a confirmed connection with the destination computer  Transfers data in three steps: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection release  Connectionless protocol  No connection is established between the communicating devices  No notification that the data packets were received  Connectionless protocols are like delivering mail where a letter is dropped into the mailbox without confirming that the letter has reached its destination (Skill 1)

10.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-5 DLC Protocol for Windows XP Supported by Windows XP, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003 (Skill 1)

10.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-6 Connection-oriented protocols (Skill 1)

10.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Network Protocols  All versions of Windows Server 2003 support the installation of the following protocols  TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)  AppleTalk  NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport protocol  Microsoft TCP/IP version 6  Network Monitor Driver  Reliable Multicast Protocol (Skill 2)

10.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-7 Windows Server 2003 network protocols (Skill 2)

10.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP TCP/IP protocol  Consists of a suite of protocols used to provide connectivity across operating systems and hardware platforms  Is scalable, which means you can implement it in different types of networks, from small offices to large corporations  Is the core protocol for the Internet  Provides reliable data transfer because it is a routable protocol (Skill 3)

10.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (2) TCP/IP suite of protocols  Based on a four-layered conceptual model called the DOD (Department of Defense) model  Layers  Network Interface Layer  Internet Layer  Transport Layer  Application Layer (Skill 3)

10.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-8 The DOD model (Skill 3)

10.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (3) Network Interface Layer (DOD model)  Physical layer  Places TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receives them off the network medium  Also known as the Network Access Layer  Located at the base of the DOD model (Skill 3)

10.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (4) Internet Layer (DOD model)  Responsible for addressing and routing IP datagrams  Each packet being sent or received is called an IP datagram  An IP datagram contains information about the source and destination addresses that are used to transfer data between computers on a network and across networks  Supported protocols  Internet Protocol (IP)  Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)  Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)  Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) (Skill 3)

10.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (5) Transport Layer (DOD model)  Provides the Application layer with session and datagram communication services  The connection is established between the communicating computers using the following protocols  TCP  UDP  Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) (Skill 3)

10.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (6) Application Layer (DOD model)  Located at the top of the DOD model  Enables applications to access the services of the other layers  Defines the protocols that applications must use to exchange data  Common Application Layer protocols  Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  File Transfer Protocol (FTP)  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)  Telnet (Skill 3)

10.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (7) OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model  Another model used to conceptualize network communications  Uses a seven-layered networking framework  In this model, data transmission begins at the Application layer in the sending device and moves layer by layer to the bottommost Physical layer  Each layer in the DOD model corresponds to one or more layers in the OSI model (Skill 3)

10.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (8) OSI model layers  Application (Layer 7) provides services to applications  Presentation (Layer 6) converts data  Session (Layer 5) enables data transport  Transport (Layer 4) supplies control for all communications  Network (Layer 3) manages logical addressing and routing  Data Link (Layer 2) supplies error control and handles data frames  Physical (Layer 1) connects the networking component to the media used to transmit data (Skill 3)

10.30 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-9 The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model (Skill 3)

10.31 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Data flow in the OSI model (Skill 3)

10.32 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The OSI model and the TCP/IP protocol suite (Skill 3)

10.33 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (9) Application layer (DOD model)  Corresponds to the Application, Presentation and Session layers is the OSI model  Provides services that are used to access and manage resources on TCP/IP networks  DNS (Domain Name System)  Routing Information Protocol (RIP)  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)  Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)  Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Skill 3)

10.34 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Identifying the Fundamentals of TCP/IP (10) Application layer (DOD model)  Allows applications to access the services provided by TCP/IP protocols through application programming interfaces (APIs)  An API consists of a set of functions and commands that are called by an application code to perform network functions  Examples of APIs  Windows Sockets (Winsock) .NET Framework classes (Skill 3)

10.35 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP  TCP/IP protocol is installed by default during the installation of Windows Server 2003  You need to configure the TCP/IP parameters to enable communication between hosts on your network  Two addressing schemes  Static IP addressing scheme in which you have to manually assign IP addresses to every network host  Dynamic IP addressing, in which an IP address is assigned to a host each time it logs on to the network (Skill 4)

10.36 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP (2) Static IP addressing  TCP/IP parameters to configure  IP address: A 32-bit number divided into 4 octets with two parts  Network ID (also known as the network address) identifies all hosts on the network  Host ID identifies a specific host  Subnet mask: A 32-bit value that distinguishes the network ID from the host ID, regardless of whether classful or classless IP addresses are being used  Default gateway: The default router for a TCP/IP host, which is used to access any network that is not specifically defined in the host’s routing table (Skill 4)

10.37 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP (3)  Names associated with a computer  Host name is used for computers that use DNS  NetBIOS name is used for older Windows networks  Name resolution is a process used to map computer names to IP addresses  NetBIOS name resolution methods  Broadcast  LMHOSTs file  WINS  Host name resolution methods  HOSTs file  DNS (Skill 4)

10.38 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Configuring TCP/IP (4) Guidelines for planning the IP addressing scheme  The IP address range cannot be used  It is set aside for IP loopback function, which is used to diagnose network connectivity problems  Use the Ping utility with any loopback address to determine if the local host is correctly configured to connect to the TCP/IP network  There are several groups of reserved IP addresses (private addresses)  These can only be used on private networks  They cannot be used on the Internet  IP addresses in the range of are reserved for Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) (Skill 4)

10.39 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box Click to open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box (Skill 4)

10.40 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box Use to manually enter a static IP Address for a preferred and an alternate DNS server (Skill 4)

10.41 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP  Computers that use the TCP/IP protocol must have an IP address that identifies them on the network  An IP address is a 32-bit number that is written as four octets separated by periods  Each octet is an 8-bit binary number, which represents a decimal number in the range  To convert an IP address to a binary number, you must understand that each octet is written in base 10 and must be converted to base 2 (Skill 5)

10.42 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP (2) Classful IP addressing  The first major addressing scheme used for the Internet  Address classes  Class A: Has an 8-bit network ID hosts per network; supports up to 126 networks with up to 16,777,214 hosts per network  Class B: Has a 16-bit network ID; supports up to 16,384 networks with up to 65,534 hosts per network  Class C: Has a 24-bit network ID; supports up to 2,097,152 networks with up to 254 hosts per network  Class D: Used for multicasting applications  Class E: Used for experimental purposes (Skill 5)

10.43 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP (3) Subnet mask  Breaks up an IP address into the network ID and host ID  To determine the network ID, you perform what is referred to as a logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask  You can add additional bits to the default subnet mask for a particular class to subnet a network  When you subnet a network, you are simply splitting it up into smaller networks (Skill 5)

10.44 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing IP Addressing in TCP/IP (4) Classless IP addressing  When you use an IP address with a subnet mask that is not one of the defaults and you perform the logical AND operation, the result is that the host bits are broken up into two parts: a subnet ID and a host ID  This type of IP addressing is called classless IP addressing  Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)  The Internet routing method that uses classless IP addressing to allow for the more flexible and efficient allocation of IP addresses  CIDR notation uses a slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID; the number following the slash notation is referred to as the network prefix (Skill 5)

10.45 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Converting Decimal to Binary (Skill 5)

10.46 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Each resource on a network has a different host ID (Skill 5)

10.47 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Classless IP Addressing (Skill 5)

10.48 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Determining Subnets (Skill 5)

10.49 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Subnet Ranges (Skill 5)

10.50 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP Troubleshooting utilities  Included with Windows Server 2003 to solve communications problems  Hostname  Ping  Pathping  Ipconfig  Tracert  Arp  Route  All run from the command prompt (Skill 6)

10.51 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (2)  Hostname displays the host name for the local computer  Ping  Verifies the host computer can connect to the TCP/IP network  Diagnoses network connectivity problems  You enter the IP address or the name of the computer you are testing for connectivity using the syntax ping IP_address or ping host_name (Skill 6)

10.52 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The ping loopback command (Skill 6)

10.53 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (3)  Arp is used to display and modify the IP address to physical address (MAC address) translation tables used by Address Resolution Protocol  Ipconfig  Provides information about the host computer configuration, IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway  You can display a summary of the TCP/IP configuration of your computer by typing ipconfig at the command prompt (Skill 6)

10.54 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Using the arp –a command to view the contents of the ARP cache (Skill 6)

10.55 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Using the Ipconfig command to display a summary of the TCP/IP configuration (Skill 6)

10.56 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (4)  Tracert  Used to search the route taken when data is transferred between communicating devices  Provides information about the links where communication failed  Displays the Fully Qualified Domain Name, if possible, and IP address of each gateway along the route to a remote host (Skill 6)

10.57 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (5)  Pathping  A combination of Ping and Tracert  Provides a statistical analysis of results over a period of time, generally around 25 seconds per hop  The time period can vary depending upon how many jumps must be analyzed  Displays the computer name and IP address for each jump  Calculates the percentage of lost/sent packets to each router or link, making it easier to determine where the network problem is located (Skill 6)

10.58 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Troubleshooting TCP/IP (6)  Route  Used to display and modify the local routing table  You can use it to set the route you want packets to take to a particular network, including the default gateway  To display the routing table on your computer, type route print at the command prompt (Skill 6)

10.59 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Using Route print to display the routing table on your computer (Skill 6)

10.60 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Ipconfig /all (Skill 6)

10.61 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-25(a) Using Tracert—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

10.62 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-25(b) Using Tracert—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

10.63 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-26(a) Using Pathping—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

10.64 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure 10-26(b) Using Pathping—two different paths to same end host (Skill 6)

10.65 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)  Many network administrators prefer to automate the process of assigning IP addresses  Avoids assigning duplicate IP addresses  Saves time  You automate, centralize, and simplify the process of allocating IP addresses using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (Skill 7)

10.66 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP DHCP server database information  Pool of IP addresses (the scope)  Configuration parameters, such as the address of a default gateway, a DNS server, and a WINS server either for each scope or for all scopes  Duration of the lease for each scope offered by the DHCP server Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (2) (Skill 7)

10.67 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP  With a DHCP server installed and configured on your network, DHCP clients can obtain their IP address and related configuration parameters dynamically each time they boot up and when half of the DHCP lease time has expired  A DHCP lease is the amount of time that the DHCP server allows the DHCP client to use a particular IP address  The DHCP lease process occurs in four steps  DHCPDISCOVER  DHCPOFFER  DHCPREQUEST  DHCPACKnowledgement Introducing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (3) (Skill 7)

10.68 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Releasing and renewing an IP address (Skill 7)

10.69 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Adding a networking service Click to open the Networking Services dialog box (Skill 7)

10.70 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Adding the DHCP service (Skill 7)

10.71 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Creating a new scope (Skill 7)

10.72 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The IP Address Range screen Enter the start and end IP addresses for the scope (Skill 7)

10.73 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure The Domain Name and DNS Servers screen Click to resolve the DNS server name to its IP address, and enter it in the IP address text box (Skill 7)

10.74 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Activating a scope (Skill 7)

10.75 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 10: Exploring TCP/IP and DHCP Figure Authorizing the DHCP server (Skill 7)